Assess the effectiveness of strategies used to manage the impacts of glacial processes

GuidanceCandidates(i)should show knowledge and disposition of the problems arising from the electric shock of glacial subprogrames and landforms on military man activity or from the jounce of human activities on glacial environments(ii)should show knowledge and understanding of the st arraygies repose in military position to manage these impacts(iii)should show an assessment of the speciality of the in a higher place strategies better keisterdidates should make an assessment of the durability of the strategies discussed finishedout, whereas the average candidate whitethorn except assess the strategies in passing or perhaps in short in their conclusion.Candidates need to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of the problems arising from the impacts of glacial processes and landforms on human activity or the impact of human activity on glacial environments. There may be a discussion non only of the nature, but also of the seriousness of the impacts.In order to a ssess the effectiveness of strategies adopted to deal with the impacts, candidates bequeath need to briefly describe the strategies. Strategies volition vary depending on the glacial environment chosen. The assessment should involve an military rank of both the positive and negative aspects of the strategies adopted in relation to the aims of the strategies implemented.Assess the effectiveness of strategies employ to manage the impacts of glacial processes and landforms on Human activity.Problems arising from glacial processes and landformsStrategies used to deal with these (remember to assess +tive and -tive) Many strategies hold been put in place to manage the impact of glacial processes. The types of glacial processes they would be managing range from erosionalprocesses polar processes- avalanche, ablation glacial (flooding) & fluvioglacial deposition (landslides) Landforms- pyramidal peaks, artes, troughs, hanging valleys, lakes, outwash plainIn glacial environments such(pr enominal) as the French Alps human activity is actually popular with up to 100 million tourists going for holidays each yr to enjoy the winter sports available. However strategies must be put in place to control the glacial processes in order to make the celestial sphere safe to minimize the negative impact on humans. The methods used admit prevention and control measures by both soft and hard strategies, but argon they successful?An avalanche is a type of glacial process and to deal with it strong, resistant buildings are constructed, as are avalanche barriers on the slopes and trees are planted near to pistes and woods made denser so as to break the flow as well as to hold the carbon together lossucing the risk of an avalanche starting. The choice of strategy is genuinely frequently dependent to the nature of human activity, the density of the settlement and the impact the strategy could have on the surrounding nature.Another factor that must be considered is the frequenc y and intensity of the avalanche as well as the voltage impacts like fatality ad damage to buildings and infrastructure. In Verbier Austria they have introduced a way to categorize areas which are at risk of avalanches by creating red and yellow zones. In the red construction of any kind is censor while in the yellow specific refuge measures must be applied and a strict building code followed. This should result in buildings that will withstand avalanches, protecting the people inside, even though they will not do anything to separate an avalanche actually occurring.The town of Gltur in Austria is predominantly a yellow zone however when the great avalanche of 1999 struck it was during the day when people were returning the their homes so werent able to be protected by this strategy thus the cobblers last toll was 4000. Though a great deal of money is existence invested in the various strategies, more pressure is universe put on the planners, as the alpine towns are swellin g thus putting themselves at further risk of avalanches as more and more trees are be cut down and the safe areas to build are al near enough forcing more buildings in to the danger zones.Glaciers arent the only threat evolution towns in the upland have to face. As the globe is going through climate change the rates of ablation in glacial areas is much higher. This is made worse by the increased popularity of the areas for tourists who access them through cars and planes, which afford to the pollution. Furthermore activities like skiing and degree centigradeboarding damage the soil under the snow making it weaker, and young trees are damaged while older trees are removed for ski lifts or roads. These factors all accumulate in the electric potential danger of landslides, which can also be caused by the fluvioglacial deposition during the summertime periods adding to the instability of the land.To deal with landslides, planners ensure that fragile areas are not being used to al low for the regrowth of vegetation. In resorts in the French alps the only means to get at that place is via train so no peculiar(a) cars are present. Also codes of conducts are enforced to avoid young saplings from being damaged so that the soil in the future will be held together and strengthened by the presence of the roots. However, numerous of these strategies are there only to lessen the impact of an already present issue. They can not stop landslides from happening as they have little influence all over the rate of ablation of the glacier.Rapid retreat of glaciers increases run-off, contributing to the growth of glacial lakes and the regeneration of some supraglacial lakes to moraine-dammed lakes. These lakes tend to breach the weak and rocky loose moraine dam, with harmful impacts downstream. Strategies for predicting future glacier lake formation are important for an early planning of safety measures, The Ngozumpa Glacier project aims to study the response of glacier s to climate change and to gain entropy to predict hazards like lake outbursts and slope failures. Glaciers in the Himalayas are some of the most prominent glaciers to undergo shrinkage due to global warming.In the past old age there have been many glacier lake outburst floods with many more unstable lakes currently being monitored such as the Tsho Rolpa in Nepal. These unstable glaciers have engineering projects conducted on them to lower the levels and mitigate the hazards. But, these works are not only big-ticket(prenominal) but are logistically difficult due to the fragile high altitude environment. However they can be used to expose the potential of hydropower production.Another area with which Hydropower potential has been explored is using hanging valleys. These occur where the chief(prenominal) valley has been eroded at a much higher rate than the tributary valleys. After glaciation the latter are left at a higher altitude hanging above the main valley. Streams that flo w from such tributary valleys fall steeply creating waterfalls. The kinetic energy of the water is off into electricity. The owners of the power stations must ensure that enough water is in the stream/river at all times to protect that habitat which can mean that no electricity is produced in the summer. I believe that many of the strategies in place to manage the impacts of glacial process and landforms on human activities are successful as we have better knowledge and engineering to deal with them. Yet I do not think that they are utterly effective as they are all very expensive and the majority are to limit the impact rather then to stop it from happening in the first place.