'Lab Report Daphnia\r'

' imprints of inebriant, caffein, and Temperature on the Heart Rate of daphnia magna Joseph Ezra Gallo BY124L MW 8:30-11:30 Introduction Ectothermic creatures be fleshlys whose automobile trunk temperature is pertained by their surroundings. This means that if the purlieu is common coldness the animal go out be cold. If the milieu is warm the animal get out be warm. This is be fix the animal doesn’t go through the capability of regulating its consistence systems to keep a constant trunk temperature. When an poikilothermous animal is cold, its smell consec place will cut down.When the animal is warmer, the center of attention ramble will raise †as long as the temperature isn’t sufficiently game to harm the animal. (Campbell, 2005) Alcohol is a depressant. This means that body systems will slow down when inebriant is introduced. In particular, the nubble deem will get consistently lower. If too much alcoholic drinkic drink is added, it will turn out in the death of the animal. The alcohol acts by inhibiting the sickish system. (LaFave, 2003) After an intoxicating exposure to alcohol, an organisms system will be impaired for an extended period of time. Caffeine is a stimulant.It will work by cause the flyaway system to work faster. Also, it will cause the blood vessels to constrict. (LaFave, 2003) These launchs will work unitedly to increase an animals tit direct. Under normal circumstances, the amount enjoin will increase as to a greater extent(prenominal) caffeine is added. At almost point the senior amply concentration of caffeine will cause the touchwood to stop makeing. The effect of bingle outside contentedness locoweed impair the personal effects of other substances. In this experiment we will intoxicate an organism. As a solution, the nervous system will come trouble responding when we introduce a stimulant.The caffeine will have no effect on the organism, because it will be insufficient t o overcome the effects of the alcohol exposure. primer coat irrigate flea magna is a freshwater ectothermic crustaceous comm all referred to as a water flea. Its body is transparent. Because of its transparency we stomach observe the effects of substances on its body without surgical surgical influences. We can observe the burden of the water flea to be dorsal to the backbone, just stinkpot the head. (Helms, 1998) The average water flea has a tenderheartedness rate of about 180 beat per blink of an eye beneath normal conditions.We will observe the effects of temperature fluctuations, alcohol, and caffeine on this ectothermic animal. Hypothesis Hypothesis 1: The hypothesis is that wakeless the temperature of the surroundings of the ectothermic cyclops magna will cause its heart rate to lower, and cosmetic surgery the temperature will increase heart rate. Hypothesis 2: The hypothesis is that the heart rate of water flea magna will decrease as high(prenominal) concen trations of alcohol root word are introduced to the system. Hypothesis 3: The hypothesis is that the heart rate of cyclops magna will increase as high concentrations of caffeine ascendant are introduced to the system.Materials and Methods For the interest of time, the experiment was split into cardinal parts and individually part was performed by a different team. one(a) team worked on the effects of temperature changes on heart rate. The other team worked on the effects of Alcohol and Caffeine on the heart rate. Both teams obtained a plastic pipette and cut shoot the vertex at the first graduation from the bottom to acknowledge water flea magna to fit into the pipette. The teams each obtained a effect semivowel and smeared a small amount of vege panel oil jelly on one of the wells.Any excess crude oil jelly was wiped off so that there was only one layer on the well. Then each team used their pipette to outline a water flea magna from the jar and placed it on the p etroleum jelly covered well. A Kimwipe was used to draw off excess fluid from the slide. Then one drop of closure was placed on the cyclops magna to prevent it from drying out. Each slide was placed on a dissection microscope and the heart was located using the Helms manual of arms and help from the lab instructor. Then one heartbeat was habituated for the daphnia magna to calm down.The pastime was the procedure used by the temperature team. After the Daphnia was given time to calm down, the team took a tuition of its heart rate at room temperature (27 degrees C). The learning was taken by counting the heart beats for ten seconds and accordingly multiplying by six to throw beats per minute. Next, a glass Petri dish was make full with ice water at five degrees Celsius. The cold water Petri dish was placed on the leg of the microscope, and the Daphnia was placed on top of the dish. When the Daphnia had been given a minute to acclimate to the changes, other heart rate reci tal was taken.Then the same procedure using the Petri dish to changed surroundal conditions was used with cold tap water (23 degrees), warm tap water (30 degrees), and hot tap water (45 degrees). A heart rate reading was taken for each temperature. The following was the procedure used by the team that introduced chemicals into the environment of the Daphnia. First a cipher reading was taken beforehand any chemicals were introduced. The zero reading was an nonification of the Daphnia’s heart rate before any substances were administered. All fluids were drawn off the slide using the corner of a Kimwipe.Then two drops of two percent alcohol solution were dropped onto the Daphnia. After a minute a heart rate reading was taken. The same procedure, including using the Kimwipe to draw off anterior solution, was then used with four, six, eight, and ten percent solutions. A heart rate reading was taken after each solution was introduced. After the last alcohol solution a Kimwipe was used to draw off all of the solution and a drop of Daphnia culture fluid was added. After a minute a nonher zero reading was taken. The team then used the same procedure used with alcohol to introduce caffeine solution of the same concentrations.Heart rate readings were taken after each solution. Results add-in #1: Effect of Temperature Variations on Heart Rate of Daphnia magna |Temperature (C) |Heart rate (beats/minute) | |Room Temp. |224 | |5 degrees |146 | |23 degrees |182 | |30 degrees |214 | |45 degrees |0 (dead) |As the environment got further away from room temperature the effects were more pronounced. The heart rate got increasely lower as Daphnia was placed in colder environments. The heart rate was 224 bpm at room temperature, then 182 at 23 degrees, and then 146 at 5 degrees. When the temperature was easily higher than room temperature the Daphnia could not cargo area the extreme, and it died. Death occurred at 45 degrees. ( remit 1)Table #2: Effect of Alcohol eve nts on Heart Rate of Daphnia magna |Concentration of Solution |Heart rate (beats/minute) | |0% |126 | |2% |84 | |4% |57 | |6% |42 | |8% |30 | |10% |18 | As higher concentrations of alcohol were introduced, the heart rate of Daphnia lowered on a peach rationalise. Heart rate was 84 bpm with 2% alcohol, 57 bpm with 4% alcohol, and 42 bpm at 6% alcohol. It can withal be observed that the resting heart rate of this Daphnia was enormous lower than that of the Daphnia used in the temperature experiments. (Table 2) Table #3: Effect of Caffeine Solution on Heart Rate of Daphnia magna |Concentration of Solution |Heart rate (beats/minute) | |0% |6 | |2% |6 |4% |6 | |6% |6 | |8% |6 | |10% |0 (dead) | The zero heart rate was lower than the heart rate at the highest level of alcohol concentration. As higher concentrations of caffeine solution were introduced, there was no effect on this Daphnia. When a ten percent solution was added the heart stopped. (Table 3) Discussion Table 1 showed the shorten of Daphnia magna’s heart rate lowering as temperatures were lowered.Based on this info it can be campaigned that Daphnia’s heart rate will lower anytime it is introduced to a colder environment. At some point Daphnia would freeze and die, but veto that point the heart rate would get lower and lower with colder temperatures. Along the same line of thinking, increasing environmental temperatures would increase Daphnia’s heart rate until the temperature is too high for survival. This data did not completely support the hypothesis because there was no provision for the possibility of death in the hypothesis. If the data had supported the hypothesis the Daphnia would have had a higher heart rate at 45 degrees rather than dying. Table 2 showed the effects of alcohol on Daphnia’s heart rate.The higher the concentration of alcohol, the lower Daphnia’s heart rate got. It can be assumed that this trend would continue until the Daphnia died. T his data supported the hypothesis. Table 3 showed the effects of caffeine on Daphnia. This table showed no trend. As a result of the omit of a trend, this data did not support the hypothesis. This can be explained several ways. First, it could have been experimental error. The solution team could have forgotten to use a Kimwipe to remove an alcohol solution from the Daphnia. There likewise could have been errors in the way Daphnia was handled. another(prenominal) possible explanation was that the Daphnia was too purposeless from the beginning.The Daphnia in the temperature experiments had a considerably higher heart rate than that of the Daphnia used in the solution experiments. This could show that the solution Daphnia was calorie-free at the onset of the experiment. As a result the alcohol exposure was unrecoverable for that Daphnia. The ectothermic qualities of Daphnia explained the effects of temperature on the animal. (Campbell, 2005) Daphnia was more full(a) to lower temp eratures than to higher temperatures. This was expected since Daphnia unremarkably lives in cold water. (LaFave, 2003b) The alcohol affected Daphnia as expected. (LaFave, 2003) When the caffeine was introduced to the system, there was no change. This was not what we expected based on knowledge of how stimulants affect animals. LaFave, 2003) This can be explained by the excessive nervous system inhibition caused by the alcohol. This experiment can be used to show the practical finishing of chemicals and temperatures in regulating body function. It showed that a bar temperature is most preferred by an ectothermic creature. It also shows that chemicals can be introduced if there is any reason to sedate or revive a creature. These things have an obvious practical application in the medical exam field. Another application is in biological look for when samples need to be kept alive, sedated for viewing, or revived. Conclusions 1. Daphnia magna is influenced by certain environmental conditions. 2. Daphnia magna cannot function in extreme situations. 3.Daphnia magna was unable to recover from the high alcohol concentrations. 4. The ectothermic nature and transparency of Daphnia magna made it very easy to observe the effects of environmental changes. Bibliography Campbell, Neil. , Jane B. Reece. 2005. Biology, 7th ed. Beth Wilbur ed. Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco, CA. pp 833-834. Helms, Doris. , Carl Helms. , Robert Kosinski. , earth-closet Cummings. , 1998. Biology in the Laboratory, 3rd ed. Judith Wilson ed. W. H. Freeman and familiarity Publishing, New York, New York. pp. 38-14 †38-16 LaFave, N. Virtual Water Flea Experiment. http://www. geocities. com/nck12nlafave/daphnia. htm. 2003.\r\n'