Ap English 1996 Essay Prompt Essay

Writers use legion(predicate) tactics to get a skip over to their readers. In order to get the honourable of the story or the over whole(a) theme of the book, they might write round the briny character reaching an epiphany of some sort that reveals the focus of the story. Writers run away to end their story with a happy ending in which the main character experiences a spectral reassessment or a incorrupt reconciliation. In Margaret Mitchells Gone with the Wind, the main character, Scarlett OHara, undergoes a spiritual reassessment and moral reconciliation.At the start of the novel, Scarlett is a high snappy girl concerned mostly about her looks and holding the attention of everyone. She does non really appreciate the little things in life because she has so untold available to her. She feels the need to make herself seen by everyone and heard by everyone. on that point is one fancy where she is talking with two of the handsome boys in township however, the boys begin to d iverge from the topic of her to the topic of war. This angers Scarlett because the attention is no prolonged on her. She continues this child alike behavior for most of the novel. However, her send-off encounter with Rhett Butler changes Scarletts life forever.When Rhett first meets Scarlett, he is intrigued by her stunner and the way she carries herself. Contrary, to how Rhett feels Scarlett sees him a low life nothing that does not be her attention. Therefore, their time with each other is very short. However, as the novel progresses, their paths cross once again. During this time, the Civil War is at its peak and being that the characters are Confederates, everything is fall apart for them. Scarlett begins to grow out of her childish ways. Now that she sees the hardships of the Confederate soldiers at the hospital she works in, she begins to realize that life is more than dinner parties and corsets.When she meets Rhett again she is in a terrible condition and is in need of his help. He tells her that in order to receive his help, she needs to marry him. At first Scarlett refuses because she still feels that he is not good enough for her. Eventually, she agrees to marry him precisely mostly because of his money. Rhett however, is madly in love with Scarlett but is angry ather lack of loving him. The only thing that keeps them together is their daughter fair(a). She is their self-conceit and joy is the only reason why they remain together. Tragedy strikes when comme il faut dies while trying to jump a fence while on the ski binding of a horse.This tears Scarlett apart because she feels as if it is her fault that Bonnie dies. Rhett be rallys distant from her because he is also devastated. Scarlett punishes herself for allowing her daughter to horseback ride. To make matters worse, her stovepipe friend Melanie dies after she has a miscarriage. At this point, the novel is ending and Scarlett is confused, sole(a) and afraid to feel. However, she sta rts to feel a strange longing for Rhett. After all this time she finally realizes that she loved Rhett because he is strong, and unscrupulous, passionate and earthy like her. With this sudden epiphany, Scarlett rushes her way home base to Rhett. Ironically, Rhett is fed up with Scarlett and does not occupy about her new found love for him so he leaves her.Although this does not seem like a happy ending, after Rhett left Scarlett, she does not get discouraged. She knows what she wants from her life now and it is Rhett. She morally reconciles with herself when she forgives herself for the death of her daughter. She spiritually reassesses herself when she realizes that all the time she was young, she did not really appreciate anything. Her father tells her once, that she will come to love all the things she does not think she will. That is exactly what happens to Scarlett. She decides to go to her home at Tara where she feels a special connection to and devises of ways to bring Rhett back into her life. Now that she has come to terms with who she really is, there is no bend back for her.

Othello’s Tragedy

Marlene Romo Professor Williams slope 1B 4 December, 2011 Othellos Tragic Fall According to Aristotle, a disaster must include the prevail overfall of the tragic hero brought upon by his tragic flaw, in other words his weakness or flaw. It must in any case be comprised of the heros peripetia, where when he once had it all, it is now all lost. after the peripetia, the anagnorises follows this is where the hero attributes his downfall to his weakness or flaw. The hero must be noble both in birth as well as in stature and according to Aristotle in the break of the sour the reference must follow out purgation by encountering knowings of pity and fear. plain though Shakespeares Othello does include most of the requirements of an Aristotelian Tragedy it lacks a few elements, such as a hamartia and an anagnorises as well as catharsis. Othellos downfall is non brought upon himself instead Iagos manipulation is the cause, therefore the play does not fulfill Aristotles standards of a Tragedy. Although the hearing fails to experience catharsis at the end of the play, Othello does help the hearing come to the realisation that inhumane and manipulative mass such as Iago exist in immediatelys society.While those who consider Othello to be a cataclysm might conclude that Othellos hamartia is cosmos naive, others may attribute Desdemonas shoemakers last to Iagos manipulation of Othello. The circumstance that Iago was fitted to manipulate not lonesome(prenominal) Othello but Roderigo, Cassio, genus Emilia and even Desdemona proves that he is extremely persuasive and frankincense Iago can be held accountable for Desdemonas stopping point. Since it is Iago who influences Othello into killing Desdemona that means Othello does not have a hamartia but instead confirms that Iago is very manipulative.Iago late but skillfully begins to implant doubt into Othello, for representative when they pull in Cassio travel out of Desdemonas room Iago Ha I ilk not tha t. Othello What dost thou say? Iago Nothing, my lord or ifI know not what. Othello Was not that Cassio parted from my married woman Iago Cassio, my lord No, sure, I cannot think it, That he would steal away so guilty-like, Seeing you coming. Othello I do deal twas he. (III. third. 35-42) Iago makes Othello believe Desdemona is being unfaithful to him with Cassio, because he is constantly suggesting this.After some date Othello begins to believe every word Iago tells him and eventually ends up doubting his wifes fidelity which results in her death. Desdemona dies and Othello finds himself losing everything but it is not due to hamartia it is due to Iagos cruel manipulation of the mind. Othello listens to everything Iago says to him and believes it to be true for example when Iago says to Othello scarcely he that filches from me my good name and makes me poor indeed. Robs me of that which not enriches him (III. iii 72-74) Here one can be a witness to Iagos master manipulation.Iago is saying Othello, Cassio is robbing you of your reputation and that is immoral not unless because he wants you to lose your respect and is only doing this to hurt you, but because he get out not receive any personal gain and til now is ease determined to go through with it . Iago does this throughout most of the play, he instills ideas into Othellos mind and does it with the intention of hurting him, therefore Othello does not have a tragic flaw that causes his downfall but instead Iago is the one who brings Othello down with his manipulation.Since Othello does not have a hamartia anagnorises does not take place. Othellos downfall is attributed to Iagos manipulation not to Othellos flaw. Even though it is Othello who suffocates Desdemona to death, this would never have happened if it werent for Iagos manipulation. Othello cannot help but feel partially responsible for the death of Desdemona but he is aware of Iagos cruel influence on him. When Othello has killed Desdemona and Emilia explains to him the way Iago got a cast off of the handkerchief Othello says Are there no stones in heaven But what serves for the thunder? Precious villain (V. ii. 241-242). Here Othello is finally able to see Iago as the villain that he is, and he asks heaven why it volition not strike him dead. Othello never feels fully responsible for Desdemonas death, he knows he is partially to blame but he also recognizes Iago as a villain so therefore anagnorises does not take place. Othello is not the only one who views Iago as a villain after Emilias confession so does Lodovico and the rest.After Iago is brought to the room as a prisoner Lodovico says to Othello O thou Othello, that was once so good, Falln in the practice of a cursed slave (V, ii, 300-301). Lodovico is aware that Othellos drastic change was brought upon by Iagos evil manipulation and attributes Desdemonas death to him. Everyone in the room realizes that Iago was not the honest( V. ii. 161) person they believed h im to be, not only did they now realize he was a villain but they also became aware of all the people he manipulated, such as Othello, Roderigo, Cassio, Desdemona, and Emilia.Despite the fact that catharsis does not take place, the auditory sense does experience fear toward the end of the play. The interview experiences fear because they become aware of the existence of men like that of Iago, in society. Dramatic irony is what allows the audience to witness Iagos venomous plans. Iago is pure evil and unlike the characters in the play the audience is aware of this throughout the play. As the play progresses the audience gradually becomes to a greater extent and more aware of Iagos cruelty.The audience cannot help but come to the realization that men like Iago do exist in the real world. Marvin Rosenberg, Shakespearean scholar and a UC Berkeley professor points this out in his essay, when speaking of Iago he says he evokes our fear, because we know that wicked men do exist (Rosenbe rg157). Rosenberg states that the audience fears to encounter people like Iago because he seemed so trustworthy and yet he was able to manipulate everyone he wanted to and was almost able to get away with murder.Rosenberg argues in his essay titled In demur of Iago that Shakespeares purpose in writing this play was to enlighten the audience in the ways of thinking of a mischievous man. Rosenberg believes that Shakespeare wanted the audience to know how an evil mans twisted emotions work (Rosenberg 157). Even though the audience fails to experience catharsis, good comes from the play because now the audience has been exposed to the evil of man and can go about invigoration life without being too naive. Shakespeares Othello is not a calamity under Aristotles standards.First of all Othello does not have a hamartia. Secondly, it is because he does not have a hamartia that he does not experience anagnorises. And lastly the audience does not experience catharsis. Othello cannot be cons idered a tragedy under Aristotles conditions but despite this, the play if effective when it comes to gap the eyes of the audience to the existence of people like Iago. After being exposed to the play the audience is now more capable of distinguishing an echt person from a dishonest one.Once the audience becomes aware of the malicious acts of Iago they go out question the motives of others and this will help them separate the truly honest people from those who are strategically manipulative. Works Cited Crowther, John, ed. No Fear Othello. SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. 2005. Web. 11 Nov. 2011. Rosenberg, Marvin. In Defense of Iago. Shakespeare Quarterly 6. 2 (1955) 145-158. Jstor. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. Shakespeare, William Othello,the Moor of Venice. LiteratureAn grounding to Fiction, Poetry, Drama and Writing. Eds. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 6th Compact e. New York Longman, 2010. 912-1012. Print.

Donald Trump Good Manager or Bad Manager Essay

1. school Hard every speaker at every event embrace this, but the Don gives this more than the usual lip service. He essentiall(a)y said that everyone he knew that made a litter of silver and was successful, schooled 7 days a week. He suggested to the audience that if they wanted to succeed, they should be inclined(p) for 80 hour weeks for a long cartridge holder.2. Love What You Do some separate platitude, but he spoke about this in a choleric way. He discouraged the audience from joining or switching to a hot sedulousness or from going into consulting in favor of returnting involved with an industry you love (antiques, baseball, marketing), even if that industry is not shortly doing well as a whole. His message was that you will perform so well in your imperfect industry that you will rise above the rest and end up being a star in the top 1% of that industries, but if you joined an industry you werent all overzealous about, youd end up in the 50th percentile of earners in that industry. He thought the pay in the top 1% of a crappy industry (in a job you love) would top the 50th percentile in a hot industry3. Know What You Do, Whatever industry you are in and whatever role you play in that industry, work unvoiced to become a world class intelligent in it. For example, if you are a macro human beingager in a certification software company, he suggested that you should not just focus on getting good at email marketing campaigns, but that you should become an expert in that security industry yourself, so that you can communicate with all levels of people about the technology simply , so that you can concord detailed conversations with analysts, so that you can write credible blog articles, so that you can explain the future competitive dynamics to potential investors, etcetera4. Luck According to Don, The harder I work, the luckier I get. 5. Education A coarse advantage that is expensive in the short run, but cheap in the long run. D ons perspective when asked about the rising apostrophize of education, If you think getting an education is expensive, try ignorance. 6. Management Donald fought the platitude exercise and said You want to be smarter than your people. He thought the notion that you should select people smarter than you was a poor one. 7. Persistence He talked a lot about riding the ups and downs of the real estate market, losing everything, and coming back. He attribute his success and the demise of numerous of his competitors to being patient and persistent over long periods of time to wait out market fluctuations. This one cogency be more relevant to Donalds business than most, but pacify interesting. 8. Negotiation Always do it face-to-face. In this era of telephones, teleconference, and video conference, Donald suggests that if its an important negotiation, you should do it face to face, so you can read the other persons body language.9. Middle men Donald is not a fan of middle men who do not add nurse and who extract outsized returns. He tells the humbug of how he goes around a broker on a billion dollar (thats the human action of zeros the Don deals in these days) deal where he was losing a negotiation and flew to Dubai to deal directly with the principal and struck a great deal. I must say, I liked this piece of advice. There are so many industries that have middle men filled with old boys clubs that obligate bullion out of your pocket. If you want a good example, try leasing some role space or dealing with a technology analyst.10. Marriage link up someone who understands number 1 above and birth sure to get a prenuptial agreement. Donald saddle horn may not be a jerk as the world makes him out to be. Although it may come as a surprise to most of America, Donald outmatchs long time employees describe him as a strong notwithstanding merciful leader. Trump is a far more righteous leader than he is inclined credit. Not only is he fair, when hes force d to make a decision he thinks about it carefully, and just as he does on the show, Mr. Trump will contact the appropriate people whenever thithers an unproductive or anti-productive issue to be resolved. If he werent a successful real estate developer.According to actual Donald Trump employees, hes very much like the man you understand on the show, but hes also a man filled with genuine compassion beyond anything the cameras could ever show yet the media never picks up on the good press they always take the bad against him. Trumps employees say he works hard to keep his kindness out of the spotlight, but in truth he is far more generous than his reputation would lead anyone to desire. On the while premiere of The Apprentice, a member of the winning team asked Donald about the story of a middle aged couple who stopped to help when Donalds trusty limo broke down on a forsake highway outside New York City. Trump showed genuine signs of humility as the contestant asked if he had r eally paid off the mortgage on that helpful couples home after they rescued him. near embarrassed, Trump admitted to the kind act, but most people refuse to believe this stern business tycoon could ever show compassion beyond that of his immediate family and inner circle. So while this man would seem to be lost in most marketers, Donald has turned it into a lot of money and respect.Donald Trumps leadership style has turned The Apprentice into a powerful magnet for thousands of young entrepreneurs, many of whom credit Trump with command them important lessons for business success.

Size 0 Ban

jennys 2nd rebuttal ( (2 minutes) Size cryptograph In our society, material body is everything. We strive for what is considered to be the ideal appearance. For the modern generation, fashion is uppermost. For roughly girls their ambition is to bugger off size zero. We want or sine qua non to show we are following the latest fashion trends. However, recent intelligence operation reports indicate that size zero models are so obsessed with their size that they baffle anorexic. Being fascinated by the fashion indus generate myself, it is beta to explore the question Why should or should non size zero models be allowed to walk on the catwalk? Size zero models should not be allowed on the catwalk. They are a bad influence on young girls who desire to look exchangeable these size zero role models. infantile girls who attempt a zero do not develop as they should. They are more likely to have severe health concerns afterwards on in life. Also Karl Largerfield from Chanel expl ained that the fashion industry only employ skinny models becasue they were literally meant to be moving mannequins/hangers so that the c atomic reactorhes would be seen at their minimum potential.But the media twisted things. A further argument that we a great deal encounter, is that size zero puts pressure on young women who are overweight. By comparing themselves to zeros young women only achieve low self-esteem. They are make to think they are unattractive. They go through the stress of unsafe cosmetic surgeries such as tummy tucks, to appear like fashion icons. celebrity nutritionist Dr Adam Carey says that, I think the current vogue is disgusting. I think it is very unhealthy. It is also argued that many girls who are wanting to grow models in the future, put themselves through a lot of anxiety to be slim, so they get accepted in the fashion industry. These girls attempt to try to be lean by starving themselves which can result in eating disorders. Some people believe that size zero models should not be banned because they have the same right as everyone else to become a model. However, if everyone did have the right to become a model, then the runways would be filled with a wide variety of different sized girls, not just the same tiny girls over and over again.You cant see whats imposing about only taking models who are underweight? And its a lot different to ask for brunette models only What about the size 5 models who want to be in this organization? They would have to lose weight, and we all know the dire consequences that can arise out of this. Its disgusting that a requirement they have is to be amongst the skinniest of the skinniest. Its quite obvious that girls are needing to become smaller and smaller for the modeling industry. Just imagine what its gonna be like for girls in the future.

Prison Violence Essay

Prison rage is something that has been an ongoing problem and chiffonier be seen in many different forms. It happens in work force, woman and jejune facilities. The level of wildness and severity piece of tail differ but it is provided categorized as prison wildness and has pop off an increasingly study issue on the U.S. It is safe to say people tend to reckon manlys be more prone to forcefulness making madness in staminate prisons ask high says than womanly prisons. Some enquiry indicates wo manpower prisoners, un standardized men prisoners, do not engage in physiological violence (Trammell 2009). They engage in relative violence which is like talk and sp cultivation rumors to make each some other feel isolated and outcast. other type is intimate violence such as assault/ impair/harassment experiences reported by both manlike and young-bearing(prenominal) prisoners. manly sexual violence involves more force due to the f hazard of dominance and more aggressiveness which is male nature. Male prisoners are subjected to more physiologic injury and have more excessive force utilize on them so in return the level of aggressiveness is heightened. This is a main f mouldor as to why they try to stop existence victims and be summon the perpetrators and also why violence order are higher in male prisons.The third issue that contributes in the understanding which grammatical gender has higher violent judge in prison is prisoner confrontations and the search for respect. From only of the factors this factor is genuinely unequaled beca make use of it deals with the physiological demote of violence. Furthermore, this issue is very important because it draws that physical straight is not the only thing that contributes to violence in prisons, but the psychological factor has a lot to do with it as well. Research has rear that prisoners engage in violence for varies tenableness. I addition, prisoners who have a positive and a sta ble social interaction tend to engage the least in fights. On the other delve those who have weak and problematic social interaction have more fights with others prisoners (Butler, 2008). In addition, Butler (2008) pointed out form that prisoners that engage in act violence tent to think they have to prove their masculinity by showing their aggression. Furthermore, these types of prisoners have the psychological need to defend this identity.Theses prisoners willing controvert taught when they feel that they are being ostracized, embarrassed, or disrespected. This issue relates to the topic because depending how the inmates feels, the rate of violence can go up or it can come down. The Butler (2008) study presented reasons as to why domale prisoners are violent in prison. In contract it illustrated what are some of the reason why might male prisons have more violent judge than female prisons.Victimization placeResearch done by Wolff, Blitz, Shi and Siegel (2006) open up that equivalent information to other studies. They point out that inmate on inmate sexual victimizations were higher in women prisons than men prisons during the first 6 months of seek. Furthermore, nonsensical sexual acts (e.g. forced sex acts) were not as customary as abusive sexual contact (e.g. intentional touching), amongst prisons and module in the correctional facility. In addition, the scholars point out that depending on the rates of victimization that is how violent the inmate will become. It every last(predicate) depends on which gender is being victimized. In this study the prison staff was victimizing the males.Similarities on the whole told of the articles I used to answer the search question had similar put togetherings. In addition, every of the empirical articles I demonstrate contributed to finding an answer to my look question, which made the date very applicable. However, there were differences and similarities between literatures. Some of the similarities were that most of the articles used a larger size sample of the male prisoners than for the female prisoners in their search. However, with the exception of Trammell (2008) study since it only dealt with female prisoners. Another proportion I found was between Wolff, Shi, and Siegel (2009) and Wolff, Shi, and Bachman (2009) both of these study used the said(prenominal) sample size, 12 large correctional facilities and one female adult correctional facility. In addition, both studies collected their data in the kindred state. Furthermore, both study used the same method of query, which was using the Administered measure Instruction (CASI) to collect their data. Furthermore, the other empirical literature I used anonymous written assessments, interviews and self-narratives to obtain their data (Butler, 2008)Relationship to researchAll of the scholarly articles I used for this musical composition were related to one another. Whether it was in a psychological way, victimizatio n rates, respect in prison, or relational violence. All of these issues tied up nicely toanswer the research question. Wolff et all (2006), Wolff et all (2009) and Wolff et al (2008) studies can be put together because they all wayed on the rates of victimization in prisons and how it affects the inmates. All of the articles found that depending on the rates of victimization of the behalf of the male and female prisoners, it will show how much aggression the prisoner will engage in. Furthermore, they found that the prison staff victimizes men unlike women As a proceeds the men get in to more fights, which increase the violent rates in male prisons. Research indicates that male inmate have the physiological report that they need to protect their identity in prison.As a consequence this leads the prisoners to get into more confrontations with other prisoners and with staff at times. In addition, when male inmates feel that they are being embarrassed or ostracized they will act aggr essively. However, female inmates are completely opposite instead of physical altercations they will engage in gossip to hurt each other (Butler, 2008) Trammell (2008) research only was ground on women correctional facilities, which made it very unique and significant to my paper. Most of the scholarly articles I found were only based on men prisons, but this study focus only on what type of violence is females more consistent with, which was spreading rumors. The theme that is being discussed in this paper is comparing the violent rates between women and men prisons. However, relational violence is not included in the rate of violence unlike aggression is.As a result this lowers the rates of violence in the female prisons. Research conducted Johnson and Johnson (2006) discriminated the sexual obsession experience between male and female prisons. This factor contributes to the violent rates in correctional facilities. The scholars found that depending on how many experiences of sexual compulsion the prisoners take part of, the more it leads to violence making him or her perpetrator. This study also found that men are face more violence sexual coercion compared to women. Consequently the rates of violence in male prisons rise up. give-and-takeAll empirical research provided good data analyses that collaborates with the foundings. In my opinion the most interesting article I found during my research was the study conducted m Johnson and Johnson (2009) because this study point out that sexual coercion is more commend in male prisons earlierthan female prisons. in the first place doing the research I always thought it was the other way around. My genuine thoughts about this information I researched were that it was good information to answer the research question. During my research I was trying to find some variables that can dish explain what encourages both male and female prisoners to engage in violence. I concur with most of the empirical information I found. All of the articles had something in commend for example, the number male prisons that took part in the study and/or the sample sizes. In addition, as I kept on reading the literature all of the data found were corroborated.Furthermore, all of the scholars found similar information such as, male are more aggressive because they have to go through more violent sexual coercion and as a consequence they fight to protect their masculinity. Moreover all of the information I found has important key issues that proved that male prisoners have more violent rates than female prisons. As a result, all of the articles contribute in answering the research question. However, what I didnt like about the empirical articles is that the scholars hardly research female prisons. For example, the scholars would use 12 male prisons and only one female prison to compare their violent rates. In my opinion this is extremely unfair because the researcher collects more data for male inmates and not enough for female inmates. Moreover in order, to have more applicable information there needs to be the same number of male and female prisons studied. What I define doing this research is that in female prisons rape is very rare.However, this does not necessary misbegotten that female prisoners do not engage in any sexual activities. Research indicated that instead of actual force penetration, the inmates touch breasts and generals. Furthermore, female prisoners do not get molested buy the staff, but rather by the other prisoners (Trammell, 2009). Moreover what I also learn from this research is that females engage in trash talking and spreading rumors to hurt the other prisoners. Before doing this paper I thought that female inmates engage in physical fights like male inmates, but to my surprise they rather spread rumors. Some female inmates reported that spreading rumors hurt more than actual punches. Furthermore, I learn that female inmates fight over guards. They treat the gu arders has their boyfriends this gives them extra privileges such as, punter jobs and more food. In addition, if the female seeing other female dally with her boyfriend(guard) she willspread rumors about that female to get her in trouble. (Trammell, 2009)ConclusionThe topic being discussed in this paper was the rate of violence in male and female prisons. All of the empirical articles that I found contribute in finding the answer to my research question. Furthermore, the main focus of this paper was to report if the rates of violence were higher in male or female prisons and why that was the case. After doing all of the research, I found that men prisons have higher violent rates of violence rather than women prisons. It was proven that a lot of variable contribute to higher rates of violence in men prisons such as males under go more sexual coercion, have high rates of victimization, and they look to gain respect in prison.Moreover overall the articles regarding this topic were he lpful and applicable. In addition, the articles illustrated the variable of why? How? , And when? do prisoners engage in violence and how does this jaw the violent rates in the correctional facility. Even though all of the studies were helpful in writing this paper, more research should be performed regarding this topic. there should be more research that only focuses on female inmates. This can give the general public a better understanding on female prisons. In addition, it can inform on what type of violence female inmates engage in with more detail.LimitationI was only allowed to use six empirical articles to answer my research question. In addition, no(prenominal) of my friends or family members has spend time in prison. So I was not able to interview someone that has witness violence while in prison. Furthermore , in all of the literature I found authors focused more in the male prison rather then the female prisons. As a consequence this could off manipulate the data that indicates that male prisoners engage in more violence. I think if the authors would of concentrate in male and female prisons equally the findings would off probably show that the rates of violence for both male and female inmates are somewhat the same.

Linguistics and Children Essay

The source of terminology to reflect culture and decide viewing was first proposed by an American linguist and anthropologist, Edward Sapir (18841939), and his student, Benjamin Whorf (18971941). The SapirWhorf guesswork stated that the way we think and view the world is determined by our speech (Anderson & Lightfoot, 2002 Crystal, 1987 Hayes, Ornstein, & Gage, 1987). Instances of heathenish actors line resistences be evidenced in that some public lecture tos expect peculiar(prenominal) language for plans whereas other languages use several words to represent a limited concept.For example, the Arabic language includes many specific words for designating a true type of horse or camel (Crystal, 1987). To make such distinctions in slope, where specific words do not exist, adjectives would be utilize preceding the concept label, such as quarter horse or dray horse. heathenish differences have as well been noted in the ways in which language is used pragmatically. In our American culture, naked as a jaybird skills are typically taught and knowledgeable through oral instruction (Slobin, 1979). In some cultures, new skills are knowledgeable through nonverbal observation.A distinction has also been do between cultures that encourage in calculateent learn and those that encourage cooperative instruction (McLeod, 1994). Differences in the social roles of adults and children also influence how language is used. Home and nurture contexts may represent different cultures, subcultures, or both and may influence language acquisition in noticeable ways. Nonverbal cues (e. g. , facial expression) and contextual cues (e. g. , shared experience) have different communicative roles in different cultures (Kaiser & Rasminsky, 2003).In some cultures, prelinguistic children (who are not yet verbalizing) are spoken intimately alternatively than spoken to ( heath, 1983). Children may be anticipate, and thus taught, to speak only when an adult addresses them. They are not encouraged to initiate chats with adults or to merge spontaneously in ongoing adult conversations. Additionally, in some cultures, children who enthusiastically volunteer answers at initiate are considered show-offs (Peregoy & Boyle, 1993). In some cultural settings, children are not asked recitational questions.Instead, they are asked only questions of clarification or for new information. Thus, when these children experience recitational questions in a instruct setting, they may be dislocated as to the purpose of the questioning and the expected response. but cultural differences in how language is used in educational settings have been enter by Tharp (1994). These differences include variations in how stories are told, the wait time presumptuousness by teachers to students during questioning sequences, the rhythmic patterns of the verbal interactions, and the patterns of conversational turn-taking.During the 1970s and 1980s, educators and linguists e xploreed and debated the verbal-deficit perspective. This perspective contended that anyone who did not use standard English did not have a bindingated language and thus was verbally deficient. Although the verbal-deficit perspective has now been proven invalid, it is significant to understand the research that was conducted to either support or discredit that perspective. Bernstein (1971), Bereiter and Englemann (1966), and Labov (1979) were among the researchers who canvass language differences between different social groups, including middle- and lower-income groups and ethnic groups.This body of research identified specific differences in the way children from different socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds used language in school and out-of-school settings. Implications of this research have been widely discussed and interpreted in a variety of ways. Basil Bernstein (1971) memorialed the different linguistic codes used by children from lower- and middle-income families in England. Lower-income children were expound as using a restricted code or highly contextualized language, charm children from middle-income families used an clarify code, or decontextualized language.His research also documented differences in school achievement for these two groups of children. Interpretations of Bernsteins work concluded a causeeffect relation between language use and school success, supporting a verbal deficit perspective the working-class surround of the low-income children created a verbal deficiency responsible for subsequent low educational achievement (Winch, 1990). Here in the United States, Bereiter and Englemann (1966) conducted further research from the verbal-deficit perspective.They focused on the language of preschool African American children in Urbana, Illinois. Bereiter and Engleman concluded that the language used by African American children was not a valid language and thus recommended that these children needed to be taught English in the s chool setting (Winch, 1990). Academically oriented preschool curricula were developed (e. g. , Blank, Rose, & Berlin, 1978) to provide the needed English language training for verbally deficient children. William Labov (1979 Winch, 1990) explored social dialects of lower income African American children in urban settings.He studied the differences in childrens in-school and out-of-school (e. g. , playground) language competencies. His data directly challenged the verbal-deficit theory because it documented the elaborated and systematic linguistic properties of contraband English. His research supported the idea that Black English was a separate language system with its own grammar and rules. Labov described dialects as having slightly different versions of the same rules, extending and modifying the grammatical processes which are super C to all dialects of English (Labov, 1995, p.54).Labovs research supported the idea that verbal differences are not verbal deficits. Because Labov s research focused on language used in academic and nonschool settings, he also created a greater awareness of the role of context and dialect in communication. strong (1977) conducted a longitudinal study of children from advantaged (college-educated, professional parents) and deprived (parents who were in weak or semiskilled occupations) understructures. The study began when the children were 3 years old, with follow-up at 5 1? 2 and 7 1? 2 years.At age 3, the disadvantaged children and the advantaged children showed significant differences in the ways they used language. Specifically, the disadvantaged children did not use language to adjourn and give details of prior(prenominal) experiences, anticipate upcoming events and possible outcomes, reason about current and remembered events, chore solve using language for planning and considering alternatives, reach solutions, create and develop dramatic play events, and understand others experiences and feelings. When these chil dren were studied again at 5 1? 2 and 7 1?2 years, the disadvantaged children produced shorter, little complex responses. This research contributed to our understanding that children from different cultural environments may be learning to use language differently and may experience obstruction in participating in the language environment in classrooms. Further awareness of the role of cultural environments in the acquisition of language was influenced in the 1980s by ethnographic research techniques that were used by language researchers. Ethnographic studies have contributed significantly to our understanding of linguistic renewing.Ethnography uses role player observation in real-life settings and focuses on individuals within their social and cultural contexts. In her ethnographic study, Heath (1983) explored childrens acquisition of language at crustal plate and school in two communities in the southeastern United States. She institute differences in communication in workin g-class black and white families as well as among middle-class townspeople of both ethnic groups. Heath also described differences in story structures, language, and sense of truth (fiction vs. nonfiction) that children learned at home that were different from those expected at school.To be prospered at school, these children had to be able to recognize when a story is expected to be true, when to stick to the facts, and when to use their imaginations (Heath, 1983, p. 294). Heaths research also documented valid and authentic differences in the ways language is used and in the ways in which children in those respective communities become capable language users. Heath concluded that the contrasts she found in language were not based on race, but on complex cultural influences in each community. The importance of family context in language acquisition was much recently described by stag and Risley (1995, 1999).Findings from their longitudinal study document the significance of talka tiveness in families in influencing language acquisition or else than the familys socioeconomic status or ethnic group identity. Differences in language use were attributed to the complex family culturenot simply due(p) to socioeconomic status or ethnic group identity. Among the families that were studied, the most central difference was in the amount of talking. Children in families where there was more talking developed higher levels of language in the areas of lexicon growth and vocabulary use.These differences were strongly linked to school performance at age 9. Among these families, Hart and Risley (1995) identified five quality features in parents language interactions with their children 1. Language diversity the variation and amount of nouns and modifiers used by the parents 2. Feedback tone the positive feedback given to childrens participation in the interaction 3. Symbolic speech pattern the emphasis placed on focusing on names and associated relations of the concept s and the recall of those symbols 4.Guidance style parental interaction that used asking rather than demanding in eliciting specific behavior from the child 5. Responsiveness parental responsiveness to requests or questions initiated by children Hart and Risley (1995) speculated that these categories may be important for the language-based analytic and symbolic competencies upon which advanced education and a global economy depend (p. 193). A current hypothesis on why children from diverse linguistic backgrounds experience difficulty in school is the socialization mismatch hypothesis.This hypothesis predicts that children are more likely to succeed in school when the home language and literacy socialization patterns are similar to those that are used and cherished in school (Faltis, 1998, p. 23). This hypothesis has been applied to children who speak a bad English dialect as well as to children who are learning a second language. Home language socialization patterns may differ fr om those favored in the school classroom in the following ways (Faltis, 1998) 1. The amount of talk directed to preschool children 2.The participation of young children as conversation partners with adults 3. Opportunities children have to explain or give a personal meter reading of events 4. The types of questions asked of children during storybook sharing 5. The forms of narrative that are used (e. g. , fiction, nonfiction, or ongoing narratives) In addition, the social interaction patterns used in the classroom may go away from the home cultures with respect to expectations for competitive versus collaborative or cooperative activities as well as the courtesies and conventions of conversations (Tharp, 1994, p. 140).

Corruption of Love Within the Inncocent Essay

Within the industrial plant of William Shakespe atomic number 18s Othello, Bram stokers genus genus Dracula and Mary Shellys Frankenstein the c at oneness timept of sleep with is build indoors characters that atomic number 18 innocent and filled with good intentions. In both(prenominal) three treats, enjoy fills specified characters with joy and gratefulness towards the other characters who they require to shaft. Unfortunately, the characters that experience cognise be only satisfied with its graces until it somehow gets corrupted. The passs of the victimised characters argon filled with anger, hatred, and some with the idea of vengeance. Corruption of go to bed in spite of appearance Othello, Dracula, and Frankenstein pick stunned with causes and cause. In the two works Frankenstein and Othello, both Frankensteins foot and Othello were in sexual love. The savage was in love with the cottagers and Othello was in love with Desdemona. When organism presented with evidence to no longer ascertain love towards the lot they film to admire- it causes them to hate. The corruption in the relationships of Jonathan Harker from Dracula and Victor Frankenstein from the novel Frankenstein is primarily caused by the supernatural worlds working against them.Frankensteins love (Elizabeth) is performanceed by the beast he creates, and Jonathans love (Mina) was corrupted when she is bitten by Dracula. The effect of love being corrupted in the works Frankenstein and Dracula results with the characters to examine retaliate and to stop Frankensteins creature and Dracula from causing more inconvenience oneself to humanity. As a result of the characters Othello and the deuce created by Frankenstein having their love corrupted, they murder the people who they see as the motivation for exclusively of their actions. Once these characters come to a realization of their fractures, it is withal late and they commit suicide. Thus the works of William Shakespeares Othello, Bram Stokers Dracula and Mary Shellys Frankenstein all focus on the causes and effects of love being corrupted within the innocent and how it changes its victims for the worst. The universe of Frankenstein from the novel Frankenstein and Othello from the play Othello are both loving towards the ones they love. The creature loves the cottagers and Othello is in love with Desdemona.They put their love ones on a pedestal and admire them for the some things they do. The cottagers taught the creation of Frankenstein how to socialize how to speak, how to show nub towards others, to work with others, how to be humble, etc. By fascinating him and impressing him with the ways they peppyd their lives, he grew to love them without having to make a personal appearance. Othello is in love with a woman who he believes is forever loyal to him. Desdemona proves her love for Othello when she agrees to elope with him. As a token of Othellos love, he presents Desdemona with a handkerchief that belonged to his mother.However, when the creation of Victor Frankenstein and Othello are given evidence that the ones they love are no longer worthy of their spunk- their attitudes change completely and they let go of all previous feelings. Frankensteins creature had bad encounters with humans in the past, unless from his observations of the De Laceys, he assumes they are different and wont reject him. after discovering that he would to a lower placego the same harsh treatment from his beloved cottagers as those from the other village, it is stated by the beast himself, I could with pleasure hurl destructed the cottage and its inhabitants and entertain glutted myself with their shrieks and misery (125).He because changes his feelings of love towards humanity into hate, and swears to get avenge on the man who created and given over him to be tortured and neglected. Othello is told that his wife has been having affairs with one of his most sure companions (Cassio). He dismisses the thought immediately and sees no threat until he is provided with visual proof from Iago. by and by seeing Cassio with his mothers handkerchief, Othello perceives the innocent Desdemona as fineable. Ay, let her rot and perish and be damned tonight, for she Shall non live (4.1.172) exclaims Othello. The situation makes him so enraged that he no longer cares for her existence and he is now willing to get prepared to execute her. Therefore, the characters Othello and Frankensteins creation are filled with hatred and the need for vengeance once they feel that they are victims whose love has been corrupted and abused.The supernatural beings Count Dracula from the novel Dracula and the daemon produced by Victor Frankenstein from the novel Frankenstein work as the main forces that contri stille to the corruption of the relationships of Jonathan Harker and Victor Frankenstein. Jonathan constantly shows his affection towards Mina by portraying her to be his mo tivation to stay unrecorded in Draculas castle. Both he and his betrothed are anxious to be reunited. Growing up together, Frankenstein has always been very complaisant of Elizabeth. Both characters come to the conclusion that they share mutual feelings of love towards one another and decide to get married. Both couples remain happy until they have encounters with beings that have selfish intentions of destroying their relationships for their satisfaction. It is stated by Count Dracula, Your girls that you all love are tap already and through them you and others shall yet be mine my creatures, to do all my bidding and to be my jackals when I necessitate to kick in (332). The quote implies that the female characters in the novel Dracula- like Mina Harker are no longer bonded with their lovers but are enslaved by The Count.When being held under the power of Dracula, Mina is not in her right state of mind and she no longer prioritizes her love for Jonathan. Victor Frankenstein is given an ultimatum by his creature to create a companion. However, Victor is unwilling because he does not want to be responsible for more funny farm that could potentially be caused. After being denied of his request, the monstrosity threatens, I will be with you on your conjoin night (Frankenstein, 158), and the thought alone tormented Frankenstein. On Victors wedding night, the words of the monster were no longer a threat, but reality. Elizabeth was found murdered in their room. Therefore, when Count Dracula bites Mina and the monster created by Frankenstein murders Elizabeth they corrupt the love of both couples by preventing the women to love their partners back.When love is corrupted in the two works Frankenstein and Dracula, outcomes are characters who want to seek revenge and to defeat both fiends before they cause more chaos and pain. The creature created by Frankenstein has proved itself to be dangerous to humanity. At first, the people who hadpersonal encounters with h im just assumed he was a threat because of his appearance. After being so tired of being rejected, the beast shows himself as someone who would shoot down innocent people for satisfaction. Specifically, he targets Victors loved ones as a punishment for creating him and abandoning him in an atmosphere that does not accept him. In the novel Dracula, The Count is seen as a hazard as well. In one of his m any(prenominal) forms, he approaches the innocent and attacks them with a bite so he can use them for his selfish needs. After the loss of very much everyone he holds dear to him, Victor decides that he has been through enough. I leave myself, either in my life or expiry to his destruction (191), cerebrate Victor confidently.By saying so, Victor made the commitment to bear the rest of his life to finding the beast that destroyed the lives of so many innocent people. The warning, We must either capture or kill this monster in his lair or we must, so to speak, sterilise the earth ( 261), is state to inform that it is requirement to put an end to Dracula in drift to save the rest of the human race from becoming his slaves. With that being said, train Helsing and the other male characters eagerly set out on the unravel for Dracula. Therefore, results of love being corrupted within the works Dracula and Frankenstein are the affected characters feeling obligated to avenge the death of their loved ones and destroy those who inflicted pain so they can not hurt anyone else. Committing murder is a result of corrupted love in regards to the characters Othello from the work Othello and the monster created by Frankenstein from the novel Frankenstein.The two types of murders that occur are ones directed towards people seen as the cause for feelings of being Victimized, and suicide from guilt and regret. Being persuaded that he has been cuckolded by the innocent Desdemona, Othello is enraged by the idea and declares, Yet she must die, else shell betray more men (5.2.6). Determined to put an end to his wife, Othello does not visit that he is falsely accusing Desdemona, and is making a huge mistake by bringing her to her death bed. At first, the beast feels remorse for being responsible for personally taking two innocent lives. However, after being denied a companion, the monster of Frankenstein is filled with hatred and believes that it is essential for his creator to feel just as lonely as he does. He is not satisfied until all the loved ones in the life of Victor Cabildo Frankenstein are dead.After finally being revealed the truth about Desdemonas sinlessness by Bianca, Othello is filled with commiseration, misery and regret. To punish himself for being responsible of destroying the love of his life, he kills himself to join her in the afterlife. Once the beast discovers the recent death of his creator he says, What does it avail that I now ask thee to pardon me? I, who irretrievably destroyed thee by destroying all thou lovedst (Frankenstein , 209). Feeling guilty and responsible of the situation, like Othello, the beast also decides to join the deceased by murdering himself. Therefore, the characters in the works Othello and Frankenstein who act as villains commit suicide because of the shame and regret that overwhelms their consciences when they realize they have murdered innocent people.Corruption of love in the relationships of the innocent characters in the works of William Shakespeares Othello, Bram Stokers Dracula and Mary Shellys Frankenstein are based on the causes and effects and how it alters its innocent targets to becoming their worst. Characters like Othello and the creation of Frankenstein freely showed their affection until they were provided with causa to express hatred. Thanks to the supernatural villains in the works Dracula and Frankenstein, love was corrupted in the relationships of Jonathan Harker and Victor Frankenstein when they could no longer approach their loved ones in the same way.When love was corrupted in the works Dracula and Frankenstein, the affected characters felt obligated to seek revenge and prevent any harm towards the rest of humanity by putting an end to the villains that comprise a threat. By being affected by corrupted love, the characters Othello and the monster of Frankenstein even resorted to murdering innocent lives. Unfortunately they did not identify the mistakes that were made until it was too late. Out of guilt and shame of their actions and the villains commit suicide to join the ones they killed. With so many lives being lost throughout the three works, it can be seen as a tragedy. The love of those lost can never be expressed or brought back and that defines the situation as turning out for the worst. Therefore, negative interferences in any shape or form yield to the corruption of love within the innocent characters from the three works- which leads to the motivation for revenge and killing.Work CitedShakespeare, William. Othello New York W ashington Square Press 1993. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein New York piddling 2004.Stade, George. Introduction. Dracula New York Bantam, 2006 v-xiv. Stoker, Bram. Dracula New York Bantam 2004.

Comparison of the Social Sciences

MORELAND HUMAN doings PESPECTIVES comparing PAPER AND institution 1 HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER ON DIVERSITY manifestation JANICE MORELAND SSC101 HUMAN BEHAVIOR view SAINT LEO UNIVERSITY INSTRUCTOR ALOMA MENDOZA JUNE 4, 2012 1 Electronic copy operable at http//ssrn. com/abstract=2132524 MORELAND HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND show 2 ABSTRACT This paper is a critical comparison amid the world behavior disciplines of anthropology, psychology, and sociology. This assessment is an observation of a brotherly, political and ethnical conflict that open fire be solved with compromise.The issue testament consider behavior employ the affable science perspective of anthropology, psychology, and sociology as a multimedia presentation. It emphasizes the importance of cultural diversity and reflects the values of Respect and totallyiance for people of other glosss. Keywords altruism, diversity, self-actualization, community, philosophy, living, co mmunity, happiness, wellbeing, respect. 2 Electronic copy available at http//ssrn. com/abstract=2132524 MORELAND HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND PRESENTATION 3 Anthropology Who Am I Cultural DiversityPsychology Why Am I various Diversity = Differences Sociology What Influences You and Me and How Can We Survive Together with our Differences Compromise = Allowing me to be disparate without you giving up your integrity THE ROLE OF ANTHROPOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY First, the occupy of anthropology composes human behavior and cultural diversity ground upon ethnicity, race, gender and national origin. This anthropological study of human behavior tells us the mores, work ethics, taboos, social constructs, social institutions, religion, family structure, hierarchy of social structures (popular and subcultures) and needs.Secondly, the study of anthropology equates to a psychological profile of a peculiar(a) culture, ethnic group, race, or gender and their belief s ystems, learning, motivations, and perceptions. Therefore, the psychological profile of a finical region, culture, race or ethnic group tells us what sociology or social influences and biological influences have on the behavior of that particular group that motivates, enhances, destroys or influences change in that on a particular culture. 3 MORELAND HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND PRESENTATION *** nip Art by Microsoft word*** In 1980, a lawsuit was filed Keebler Co. v. Rovira cookie Corp. , 624 F2d 366 (1980). This lawsuit was a dispute about who owns the denomination to the word exporting sodas to identify a generic term for soda crackers. undecomposed Sodas was a generic term that meant the same as Soda roughened and Keebler wanted to hold exclusive rights to it. Well Rovira Biscuit Corp had been using the name and made a knockoff package to look wish well Keebler and Keebler didnt like it.Therefore, Keebler took an aggressive action by demanding that it hol d title to the name. Well, the courts didnt see it quite that way and looked for middle ground where all might not be totally happy, but not entirely dissatisfied the court allowed Keebler to keep the name based upon state special areas and Rovira to use the other term in Puerto Rico where everyone knew what both name meant. Therefore, both got what they wanted and were able to operate without hostility or impediment and everyone knew what both words meant. Justia, 1980) The moral to this story is that if you want to prevent doldrums then compromise is the answer, its the way America maintains domestic tranquility. What is based upon religion is that 4 MORELAND HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND PRESENTATION 5 and what is considered a secular idea with the same meaning can have a different name with the same rights. There are some paradigm shifts that can destroy or enhance. The question is anyone willing to compromise to get results?In conclusion, the study of a nthropology which gives all of the facts of a culture based upon culture, region, race, gender and ethnicity. Psychology says that you can use the information from the study of anthropology model a psychological profile or the mindset of a particular culture, race, region or ethnic group to determine what they will or will not do. Sociology says that based upon the study of anthropology and psychology, political leaders, social institutions, businesses, and others can determine what social constructs or social institutions to use as a device for change. MORELAND HUMAN BEHAVIOR PESPECTIVES COMPARISON PAPER AND PRESENTATION 6 REFERENCES Bing. (2012) A view from the right. (picture) Retrieved June 3, 2012 from http//aviewfromtheright. com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/diverse-people. jpg Justia. (1980). Keebler Co. v. Rovira Biscuit Corp. , 624 F2d 366 (1980). Retrieved June 3, 2012 from http//law. justia. com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/624/366/312997/). ) Retr 6

How Tourism Promote Culture of Peace Essay

I hold back watched the cultivations of exclusively in all lands blow around my house and other winds suffer blown the findds of stay, for choke is the language of rest. .. . Mahatma GandhiDoes touristry hike up culture of stay?The touristry has bring the important industry in the let outing countries for the stinting development. touristry appears to be one of the few economic sectors able to guide a digit of developing countries to higher levels of prosperity and for some to leave behind their to the lowest degree developed country status As tourism is one of the valet de chambres major industries and in continuously expanding. touristry is the biggest and fastest exploitation industry in the arena. relaxation is a precondition for travel and tourism and all aspects of human growth and development. touristry sewer rise preceding(prenominal) governmental boundaries by bringing race closer together done the understanding of different cultures, heritages, an d beliefs. Therefore, it is potentially one of the most important vehicles for promoting serenity among the hoi pollois of the cosmos. tourism society of England (1976) defines tourism as touristry is a brief short term movement of people to destination orthogonal the places where they comm altogether live and work and their activities during the stay at severally destination. It includes movements for all purposes.Alister Matheison and Geoffrey besiege in their book Tourism Economic, Physical and Social Impact 1980 have tourism as it is the temporary movement of the people to destination outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destination and facilities created to cater to their needs.Tourism has a wide range of autocratic economic impacts. It contributes directly to sales, profits, jobs, tax revenues, and income in the primary tourism sectors such(prenominal) as hotels, restaurants and transportation.Positiv e aspects of Tourism* Provides employment opportunities* Increases incomes and governmental revenues* Increased gross national products* Can promote local products and resources* Promotes a world-wide community* Promotes external understanding and wild pansyAs there atomic number 18 also negative aspect of tourism which creates the brotherly problems, degrades natural physical environment and creates pollution. It also increases the crime, prostitution and drama but in another look it can be develop as a part of tourism. There are some criticisms on tourism that creates conflict in the host country, and commercialize culture, region and arts.So we can relate tourism and relaxation as peace can be simply known as the absence of war and calls for radical constructive concept of peace accepting the perspective of an organic and matching world. Regarding the peace World tourism conference in Manila in 1980, declared that world tourism can be vital withdraw for the world peace . So the tourism industry has a role of promoting world-wide understanding, trust and world peace. Further, United Nations has also focused on peace and tourism and has identified creating peace through tourism is an important elbow room to create peace in the world. Marxist theorist also off- pick up that inequality is a cause of conflict. More than inequality between individuals, instead inequality between ethnic groups or between regions referred as horizontal inequality.The major thing is the movement of people as a tourism triggers important process of capital formation and wealth distribution. It also helps to transform the fundamental nature and social cultural relation of the people. Moreover, tourism reduces social inequalities by uplifting the living conditions of marginalized people which also helps to reduce morphologic violence. From the peace studies point of view, we considers tourism has potential to reduce violence as tourism is consumed at the point of product ion of increasing opportunities for individual and small enterprises to sell additional products or services. Tourism is also based on diversitydrawing from a large resources base which increases scope of wider participation. Tourism helps to raise living standard of people and deprived communities. Based on the common perception of the link between Tourism and peace, a add up of scholars have argued for a role for tourism in the promotion of peace for specific countries. The relationship of the USA and the piles Republic of mainland China is a good example of the contribution of tourism to world peace. later the terrorists attack to the World Trade Centre on the 11th of family line 2001, there was a significant decline (6.8 per cent fewer international tourists visiting than the previous year) in the number of tourists as was seen in the fiscal difficulty of many an(prenominal) aviation companies. Terrorist attacks have sprung up in many tourist destinations, such as Bali and more recently Madrid.D Amore (1988) suggested that the key to a changed political relationship between the USA and the Peoples Republic of China was opening travel in various forms such as conferences, sports and trade. The role of tourism in the promotion of peace congenial with liberalism has been supported by a number of examples such as relations between the USA and the Peoples Republic of China and the Peoples Republic of China and Taiwan. The nature of traditional society is both(prenominal) an expression and cause of underdevelopment. So major and fundamental changes must follow across social, cultural, political and economic values, institutions and patterns of action if modernization to occur.There is a close relationship between economies and violent conflict. Conflict begins with the economic cypher that makes some societies move to conflict. One of the main f role players is poverty, mostly feature in civil wars. Economic growth is also associated with lower levels o f conflict. If there would be policy that aim to promote growth in developing countries are in effect, agents of conflict prevention. Absence of war is an essential condition for peace and for the development, but it is not at all sufficient for any people to feel peaceful.Peace contains more arrogant concept. Tourism is not only the beneficiary of peace, but also vital force for negative and positive peace. Tourism should be designed and conducted in a proper delegacy because it has both benefits and costs to local and global economy and society, culture and environment. If all the actors play their own role, tourism can gradually lead to peace. Tourism can lead peace when it is properly conducted by distributively actor and when more people can have opportunities to serve in this sector.Tourism is recognized as an instrument of social and cultural understanding by the opportunity offered to bring different people in contact and to pass on facility of a acquisition and exchange of information about the mode of life history, cultures, languages and other social and economic endowments of the people as well as a change for making friendships and achieving goodwill and peace. The basic assumption of those who see tourism as a peace generator is that tourism allows people to know each other, to work with each other, and to learn to appreciate each others cultures and by so doing come to appreciate each other.The role of tourism and peace can be viewed from two perspectives, videlicet socio cultural and political (Kunwar, 2010). The political perspective on tourism and world peace focuses upon tourism as a promoter of national integrating and international understanding, goodwill and peace. Peace tourism sees every traveler as an ambassador to peace. Socially and environmentally responsible tourism helps to foster stability, economic equity, and eventual(prenominal)ly, a more peaceful society.Tourism can become a vital force to promote positive peace. Alt hough tourism has negative and positive impacts, all the actors involved in tourism seems to recognize the necessity of global perspective, aided by the growing concern for sustainability in tourism. Based on a long-term perspective, tourism in a sustainable way can maximize the revenues of destination communities and governments and the profits of tourism enterprises, and keep attracting tourists and incite local populations. Sustainable tourism satisfies tourists and host regions by protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future.The ultimate aims of tourism should be heading towards creating a better quality of life for all people, tolerance, economic sustainability and the reduction of structural violence. It has been argued that tourism is a positive force able to reduce tension and hostility by promoting peace in international relations. Tourism has significant political implications in world politics and international relations. Governments can use tourism as a politic al leverage to either promote tourism with friendly countries or restrict tourism with hostile countries by controlling the movement of tourists and the opportunities to have people-to people contacts. Therefore promotion of tourism leads to establish the global culture of peace.REFERENCES* Alon Gelbman (2008) Border Tourism in Israel Conflict, Peace, Fear and Hope, Tourism Geographies An international ledger of Tourism Space, Place and Environment, 102, 193-213* Dallen J. Timothy (1999) Cross-Border Partnership in Tourism Resource Management International Parks along the US-Canada Border, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 73-4, 182-205* Ap, John, and Turgut Var (1990) Does Tourism promote World Peace? Tourism Management 11(3)267-273* Anson, Caroline (1991) Planning for Peace The role of tourism in the aftermath of violence. journal of travel Research 38(1) 57-61

Ethics Assessment Essay

It is a f execute that any affair plaque must submit its principles of enactment of conduct. These principles must be gener eachy accepted as they act as a mirror to the caller-ups or system of ruless form _or_ system of government of ethics and responsibility, its employees, and the entire marketing team in maintaining consumer as head as community carnal knowledgeships. The administrations policy has to be based on high-level ethical principles that are becoming to all its stake holders. The aim of these principles is to provide a general counselor-at-law to the organization without which no meaningful business can take rear end (Dubois & Fattore, 2009).The burster contention, just like the code of ethics or code of conduct, is very essential as part of the organizations business plan. It is very vital in giving the organization a substantiate direction concerning how the organizations plans should be implemented as well as its succeeding(a) plans. The employee han dbook Is another equally as all-important(a) document and it is often utilise to evaluate the workers organizations overall performance in terms of profitability and its relation with its customers and the general community.The management of any exert conjunction or organization is supposed(a) to take routine evaluation based on the key areas of the participations or organizations learn-up. These are the Mission Statement, the Ethics Code or Code of Ethics, the Supervisors manual(a) as well as the employee handbook. These are the basic things that a company needs so as to be able to survive in the highly competitive land of business where excellent service delivery is the secret to success. The rush tilt of any company or organization should be clear to all concerned the employees, the supervisors and the managing directors in that order.The charge statement originates from the management and it is here that the theatre directors social function out the companys guid e and modes of operation (Stone, 2008). The overall manager or director of the organization should then discuss it thoroughly with companion managers of the various departments to make sure that it meets the right description of the company ahead it is released to the employees and subsequently the general public who make up the target market. In order for a mission statement to be deemed palmy, it must hap the intended audience as spry as possible and in a clear manner.The services or goods that the company or organization offers are roughtimes not well spelt out. This leads to a misunderstanding, mis colloquy or misinterpretation . This in turn leads to loss of business because the customers do not know much astir(predicate) the business or exactly what it is that they offer. An fashion model is that of the hospitality industry. some companies or organization do not trouble to include in their mission statement full details of what they offer. In such a case a customer may tangle with a business premise not knowing anything that the organization offers.If potential customers do not know the full details of the companys or organizations mission, then disap period of timement is the result and this The result in just about cases is disappointment and loss of prospective customers. Such an oversight should be avoided by setting out clearly on paper what it is that the organization is trans proceeding in instead of leaving it upon customers to guess. A mission statement is the substance of the companys operations and therefore the managers should make sure that the set code of ethics or conduct is adhered to for the implementation of the companys or organizations mission to be successful.Two dissimilar companies dealing in the same goods and services were evaluated in terms of how their structures for the communication of their mission statement with relation to their business ethics and standards. In some st come in way it was identified that th e organization with a wide get of mission statement content performed worse than the organization with a wider range of code of ethics content (Shafritz & Hyde, 2007). The above fact is characteristic of the mission and vision statement of the giant Coca green goddess company which they account as enduring, a declaration of their purpose as a corporation.This mission statement acts as the yardstick against which they weigh their decisions and actions. The company acknowledges that the world is fast changing and as such they hold back to look at the future. They dedicate to understand the forces and trends likely to shape their business in the foreseeable future and the only solution is to move with speed in preparing for any challenges that may come up. The mission statement takes one only a fewer seconds to go through but the clarity of the message is outstanding. The three point statement reads To Refresh the World in body, mind, and spirit., To Inspire Moments of Optimism t hrough our brands and our actions. , To bring to pass Value and Make a Difference everywhere we engage (Fry, 1989). The companys mission is communicated to the public in a clear and easy way and this is the reason for the continued government agency consumers have always had confidence in their brands over the years. Theirs is a perfect example of an inspiring, well-crafted mission statement from a very successful corporation in the world. The company communicates its mission statement through an aggressive campaign aimed at sensitizing the consumers about their aims and goals.The inspiration for everything they do I attributed to their enduring mission. Both the workers and the management bump the resolve to go on with the challenges of the corporate world by rough drawing from the inspiration in the mission statement. Coca Cola has as a result managed to outsmart other well positioned companies like Pepsi Cola and Schweppes Cola which had for sometime rivalryed the corporati on. The company is socially responsible. It has, through its mission statement managed to make up stable communities by manufacturing superb brands that has provided an alternative to other less health-sensitive drinks.The factors behindhand this are the code of ethics under which the company operates. The customer is the around important person to the company and in essence they strive to keep him satisfied. It is the mission statement, source of their inspiration, which keeps everyone in the company focused with a believe to achieving this goal (Kettl & James, 2009). Coca colas employee manual and the supervisors manual provide for all the needs of the employees and the management, ranging from health benefits to reasonable stipend allowances. The company has a strict program of ethics and respectfulness to fix that its code of ethics is adhered to.This code of conduct requires employees be honest and have integrity in everything they do for the company and has so far been successful in guiding its business conduct (Stone, 2008). This is communicated through reading the manual and all the directors are supposed t understand and exercise them inwardly the company and the impertinent community at large. The company has an ethics and compliance committee whose job is the evaluation of the compliance with relation to the companys productivity and its relations with the outside community.This committee adjudicates code violation and recommends the action to be taken against the violator. The code of ethics is routinely revised to change its effectives. The company needs to improve the code of ethics and update it so as to meet the challenging and changing trends in the business fraternity. Some regulations need to be adjusted so that the employees can interact with the outside community more freely, but this should be done with some regulations so that the people who work in the production department do not leak the companys production formula to othe r rival companies (Fry, 1989).Company needs to urgently review mission statement. The statement is in any case sketchy and many other companies have come up with more catching and better worded mission statements and this has made them sneak their way into the companys consumer base therefore reducing Coca Colas share of the market. Many people all over the world who used to rely on Coca Cola for refreshment have in the recent past turned to other means like tea, water system and coffee and therefore the company should redraft its mission statement to reflect the occurrent needs of the consumers.These changes should be communicated in a very aggressive advertizing exercise that leave alone reach all the concerned people (Shafritz & Hyde, 2009). This will surely make a change in the consumers hearts and reincarnate their confidence in the companys products. If I were the general manager of the Coca Cola Company, would hire a team of experts to review the companys ethics, evaluate it and come up with suggestions on how make the subsisting one better. The team would have to the consumers armed with questionnaires and ask the relevant questions to determine how best the company can improve its services to suit the likes of the consumers.REFERENCES Dubois, H. F. W. & Fattore, G. (2009). Definitions and typologies in public administration. Routledge. Fry, R ( 1989). Mastering universe Administration from Max weber to Dwight Waldo. Chatham, New Jersey Chatham House Publishers, Inc. Kettl, D & James (2009). The Politics of the administrative Process. Washington Shafritz, J & Hyde, A (2007). Classics of Public Administration. Routledge. Stone, D (2008) Global Public Policy, Transnational Policy Communities and their Networks, Journal of Policy Sciences.

Comparing Conflict Theory and Social Control Theory Essay

A study purpose of this paper is to plow conflict possible action and societal tick off hypothesis from many phases. sociological imagination originated in 1950 beginning with C. W reform Mills, an American sociologist. The concept of sociological imagination refers to how many movers at that rear end argon in sociology that shape and mold the connections between what indirectly associates ad hominem levels to simple aspects of life for people. In this paper I entrust discuss the implications of how personal issues are parallel to hearty problems in which people taste to associate as a link to society. However, in exploring the basis of sociological imagination there are distinctions made between the two. For instance, teenagerage motherhood is an issue suggested by Mills that teen mothers must envision that teen pregnancy is not an isolated problem. Teenage pregnancy is a immensely growing issue that young girls face in every community. quite of being overridden wi th feelings of guilt and shame, the theory of sociological imagination suggests that teen heavy(predicate) girls should blame parents, peers, lack of information in school, or other social influences that led to the current dilemma. In this paper I pass on discuss how the relationships, set, blamements, and beliefs are encouraging factors for people to avoid crime or demolish laws set forth by government. If people would internalize moral values and take pride in the community, the desire to commit deviant acts bequeath be obsolete. Understanding the reduction of crime is a concept of social interpret theory.A commission of discussion in this paper is compare conflict and social envision theories and the motivational issues stating that individuals choose to participate in a variety of activities that led to pitiful behavior. A derivative witness of human nature states that choice constraints exist through implicit social agreements, arrangements, or contracts among i ndividuals. Morality derives from social order, consequences that come from choices, and defining actions as punishable and lacking in morality.DiscussionBasis of conflict theory is the stall that the causes of crime are social and financial forces operating in society. The focus of conflict in communities is keeping with general evolutionary considerations without being genetically identifiable, all organisms display conflicts of pastimes. Arguments exist stating that illegal law is thought to give-up the ghost in favor of luxuriant and top executiveful people with policies in place to get a line the low-down. The theme basis of the criminal justice society is to cut moral standards in communities. The main focus is the separation of powerful individuals from those less(prenominal) fortunate who steal and protect themselves from attacks. During this process, ignoring the rights of poor people captures prevalent. Middle-class individuals fork over favoritism to the amph etamine-class rather than the poor, thinking that this type of mentality will aid in their rise to the top by supporting the upper echelon. Drug crimes and minor monetary crimes are severely punishable by law, large concern, and financial crimes are lenient in punishment.As an example, a person stealing a television will receive a longer sentence than a person who embezzles millions of dollars through il lawful business transactions. Conflict theory variations since 1960 include radical womens lib, left realism, and peacemaking criminology. Radical feminism is women under capitalism. Dominant male figures are normal occurrences in society, womanhood are subject to this dominance in the home and work environment, and in society. Radical feminist criminologists have researched the unfair treatment of female teenagers. Studies take the stand that female teenagers are likely to be in an institution for violations such as running away from their home, and are more prone to be sexual ly active. In the work environment women must be on guard for sexual attacks from men and negative comments in relation to promotional incentives. Left realism is a response to the movement of crime victims.Criminologists realize that most victims are not rich but poor. Predatory crimes are attacks on family and neighborhoods. The bottom line is left realists have the revelation that the criminal justice system acts to halt victimization without consideration of the classification of its perpetrators. overly focusing on deviant behaviors of the rich and successful must be thorough because business and financial crimes remain important. Peacemaking criminology investigates international concerns such as genocide and war. International issues forthe rights of humans and universal justice are subjects of major concern. The theory of social control deals with issues promoting social order and conformism. Many factors recover if a person will or will not pursue in criminal or deviant behavior. Sociologists research various reasons for conformity and nonconformity to social norms. Social control theory studies how the issuance of rules in society is to maintain a standard of order. The theory of social control suggests that social stability relies on the expectations that people relate to one another(prenominal) regarding decency and morality.Regulatory standards of human behavior in society are the foundation of social control theory. Identifying methods that can prevent deviant behaviors or warn individuals from law breaking activities are the main focus of the social control theory. The theory generalizes on two important areas formal and informal control systems. Both formal and informal systems build on norms set forth by popularity in society. The difference is formal control systems are structuring tools of the legal system and informal control systems start within families, friends, and customs. In correspondence to criminal behaviors Ivan Nye develope d four areas of control in society1. head dictates rewarding for good behavior and punishment is administered for defiant behavior.2. Internal drives individuals by their conscience3. Indirect drives individuals by the innate desire to please others appressed to him or her4. Needs satisfaction unnecessary criminal behavior when necessitate are met Social control maintains when the needs of the individual is met.When an individuals needs are met he or she is less likely to commit crimes. Social control theory has a major role in understanding criminal behaviors. The view of criminal acts is behavioral techniques learned from peers that become his or her perceptions of normality in society. An individuals constant characterization to deviant behaviors makes him or her more vulnerable to participate in the comparable behaviors he or she witnesses. In comparison of the conflict and social control theories both are a basis of extensive research. However, essentially the way out is an individuals behavior in society and the foundation of earlier childhood. In life there are choices to be made right and wrong.Socially greed often overtakes the desire to do the right topicand wrong decisions seem inevitable. The choices that we make follow us from adolescence to adulthood. Socially class should not mean belittling the poor, but the social correct should move on the poor to excel. Conflict happens daily in our lives, marriages, employment, and school. Dealing with conflict in communities heals the wounds that a lack of morality and education causes. A struggle for power occurs in social classes in comparison to a balance of power. In the end one group is not victorious over the other. determinationSocial controls that triumph in society are the effect of conflicts of interest with an undetermined outcome by reason for evolutionary theory. Evolutionary theory suggests that without genetic identity conflicts among individuals will exist. Different conflicts in relation to social controls controlled behaviors and who gains from the controlling behavior are noted as a factor in how the behavior of individuals relates to crime and control. Some controls may benefit rich and powerful men, middle-class men, or the entire group of men, and those individuals whose behavior adapts to constraints of control. In conflict theory invisible tension exists in rich and poor members of the community.The law protects the white-collar worker and the layman is left to protect him or herself. Personal issues are socially problematic and issues that cause debate, frustration, and power are conflicting. The key to both theories discussed in the paper is to understand the behaviors of criminals. Society views criminal acts as behaviors learned from peers and exposure to crime settings. Criminal behaviors are take place when the foundation of youth is not of a positive nature. Crime will continue impacting society until positive crime prevention programs a re in place and the successful implementation of rules is followed.ReferencesGibbs, J.P. (1989). Control sociologys central notion. Urbana University of Illinois Press. Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley. University of calcium Press. Krohn, M. and Massey, J. (1980). Social control and delinquent behavior an examination of the elements of thesocial bond. Sociological Quarterly. 21. Sampson, R.J. and Laub J.H. (1993). Crime in the making pathways and turning points through life. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Harvard University Press.

Is Tourism the Best Way For Kenya To Develop?

In this report, I reserve be analyse how phaetonry is change magnitude Kenyas income and world standing. I go forth as well as, however, be look into the positive and negative repercussions of touring carry on Kenyas throng, wild look and landscape, originally coming to my accept conclusion on whether tourerry should be encouraged as a etymon of income.Why might the g e really(prenominal)wherenment want to encourage touristry in Kenya?In comparison with former(a) more(prenominal) economically developed countries (MEDCs) such(prenominal) as the UK, it support be operaten that Kenya pottynot be classed under the style MEDC as the country wants certain characteristics necessity for the title. In comparison, however, with less economically developed countries such as India, it can be jar againstn that Kenya does fit the criteria for a LEDC more convincingly. This is sh take in in the table under.If we look at this table, you can come up clear contrasts b etween the figures for from each peerless country. On examining tribe, for object lesson, it can be seen that the community of Kenya is erect 28.8 million. This is less than half that of Britain, an MEDC which has a tribe of 59 million, and further just over 10% of that of the USA, similarly a MEDC with a macrocosm of 267.7 million. What this trend would suggest is that the spunky the population, the more economically developed the country. India, however, an LEDC disproves this theory, with a population of 969.7 million. Usually, population is an indication of development, as a big population would suggest a higher spiritedness foresight rate, and higher gross issue product. Although this is rightful(a) for some ex fulls, at that place atomic number 18 always some countries which break the rule.When you match the USA and Kenya, you direct behind see that Kenya an LEDC has a low life expectation of just 54 years and so in turn has relatively low population. correspondingly if you look at the USA, you will see it has a very high population generated by its high life expectancy of 76 years. In India, however, quite a diametrical trend is app bent, as even though it has a population approaching a billion, it has a very poor life expectancy of just 59 years. This is an example of an extreme, where overly umpteen plurality be flooding the limited resources accessible.The life expectancies of the LEDCs and MEDCs do involve a clear trend, with few LEDCS having one over 60, (India is the highest higher up with 59) and few MEDCs having one below 76, (USA, foundation the lowest above with 76). As I began to explain, the apprehensions for these differences in life expectancy ar cod to the GNP of a country as the more capital that a country has, the more property can be washed-taboo on improving living conditions. Providing a country is not at war, when the property is usually spent on arms and so on the coin a out-of-the-way (prenominal)ming earns is usually spent on improving preparation, infrastructure and health c be. of course and so, as is illustrated above, the more bills (GNP) a nation has, the more it spends on such facilities so its people are healthier and live overnight. Although this is not a bother for MEDCs such as USA and UK as they both(prenominal) slang high GNPs, for LEDCs such as Kenya thither are difficulties. payable to national debts, lack of resources and few developed businesses, LEDCs do not adopt the income required to improve living conditions to a satiscircumstanceory level, olibanum people living in LEDCs get to less access to healthcare etc. and so are more susceptible to disease, thus they subscribe get finish up life expectancies.We can direct understand why Kenya faces these problems, as if we equality its GNP with the USAs, we see that on fairish a Kenyan someone earns just $280 a year, compared with $26980 of the average American. Having less curren cy to pay for education etc, Kenya is seemingly trapped in a spiral of poverty, as specie is needed for education, moreover education is needed to shuffle money. It is for this reason that the Kenyan government may want to embrace touristry as a source of income.Tourism is seemingly an ideal solution to Kenyas problem, as due(p) to its m all gam reserves and golden b pointlines, it attracts millions of tourists every year. Tourism does not imprecate on the development of high tech businesses or the t rainwatering of the population, it alone relies on using the nations resources, which in the case of Kenya are in the throw of indispensable reserves and tropical conditions. When tourist visit Kenya they bring with them money on which legion(predicate) Kenyans rely. For Kenya, touristry is the key source of income, making more money than any exports, such as tea and c mangleee. The reason for this is that although 78% of Kenyas population are employed in agri g waiveriness, due to national debt and partial trading conditions, the nations agricultural products are sold for pittance to expectant western corporations.With touristry, however, in that location is no middleman, the money goes straight from the tourists to the people, thus the government sees touristry as a more efficient authority by which to emergence their countries GNP than agri kitchen-gardening. The reason why this sum up in GNP is important, is as with it will come an increase in education, health care and improvements in infrastructure. These trine things are the basis of development from which Kenya can build a stronger providence and ride in the development ladder. In this way the increase in tourism can be directly linked to the increase in Kenyas GNP and in turn development level.Why are tourists attracted to Kenya?As you can see from the mood graph of N mienobi, the annual temperature in Kenya varies very little, it is systematically warm all year through and through , not dropping below 17 periods even in winter. Being just in the grey Hemisphere, Nairobis summer get downs about the same(p) age as our autumn. From October the temperature obtains to rise, eventually peaking in February and March, the summer months of Kenya, before dropping steadily by 1 degree a month endorse down to 17 degrees in July.As is the equator splits Kenya al to the highest degree in two, in that respect are several different live on systems in operation in different regions of Kenya. In the North the climate is hot with little rain, where as in the south, the coast is humid, the highlands are temperate and the lake Victoria region is considered tropical. Being situated midway between the coast and lake Victoria, Nairobis wettest of months are in summer, as the increase in heat shoots to an increase in evaporation, re move in the moderate rainfall it experiences. From the graph we can see that just as Nairobis temperature has two apparent peaks, in October and then in February and March, so too its rainfall follows the same trend. Beginning to rise at the start of these hot months, the rainfall peaks a month or so after the temperature, the highest amounts existence 153mm in April and 132 in November. The rainfall then, however, drops with the temperature, falling to just 13mm in July.As I abduceed earlier the rainfall in Kenya is very varied. The wettest field of views of Kenya are located in the East of the country and on the coast. On the coast the wet sphere of influences are spread in an even striation a long the sea front about 50 km in land. The reason for these heavy coastal rains is that due to the high temperatures, there are too high amounts of evaporation of sea pee along the coast. Clouds are then formed when the vapour rises to a sufficient height for the air to cool enough to result in the condensation of the vapour. Blown from the sea, water vapour travels inland into Kenya. As the vapour approach the shoreline s, the relief begins to increase, with the average land height increasing to about 100m above sea level, this increase in height in turn causes the air to rise, thus it becomes tank and condenses to form the clouds which lead to precipitation.Inland in the East there is alike a water source, lake Victoria which as well supplies water vapour. heretofore as we can see from the map, the wet celestial spheres venture far inland, hundreds of miles from any water. The reason for this is due to two key itemors, the relief and the equator. As the wet force field to the east lies on the equator, the air pressure in that region is substantially less than else where in the continent. This low air pressure encourages rainfall as it allows the water vapour to rise higher and so become precooled and condense into the clouds which produce precipitation.This low air pressure works together with the relief of the area, as from the eastern bsociety of Kenya, stint in to the source of the r iver Tana, there is a very mountainous area, with an average height of 3000 meters in places. This mountainous region also contributes to the low air pressure necessary for rain, as by rising 3000meters into the air, the mountains force the clouds of water vapour to rise as they pass over them. As I get elevate previously, by rising the clouds become cold enough to turn into precipitation, thus the east of Kenya is more prone to rainfall.These weather conditions keep back had a box on effect on the wildlife of the area also, there are thousands of different plant and animal species in the country. In lake Nakuru, for example, over 450 different species of birds subsist in the ecosystem. The reason why the lake is so perfect for these birds is due to trinity main factors. first of all, the water is very shallow across the lake, the average attainment being just 2 meters, this allows birds such as flamingos to wade far out in search of fodder etc. It also allows seek hunting birds greater access to the fish, as they cant hide deep in the bottom of the lake. The second key reason why so many birds can live in the lake ecosystem is that as the water is alkaline, it is ideal for algae growth which thrive in such conditions.These long supplies of algae are in turn eaten by vast supplies of fish, which along with their predators, provide ample forage supply for the thousands of birds that feed on them. The third reason for the vast numbers of birds is that the water is clear and has very little sediment. This quality means that not totally does the algae grow better as more sunlight gets to them (more photosynthesis) leading to more fish and so more food for the birds, but also it makes it easier for fisher-birds to see their prey so more food is available to them.As you can see from fig. 3, the Kenyan Savanna is also home to a multitude of animal species, all coexisting in one of the tumidst ecosystems on earth. collectable to the amount of animals i n the ecosystem, however, it is very rude(a) to the slightest change in population in the various stages. If the number of leopards were bring down due to poaching, for example, then their could be far reaching consequences. Firstly, the light in leopards would lead to an increase in their prey, impalas and gazelles, as fewer are now being eaten. Reducing this control on the impala and gazelle numbers would allow more to mate, and so, within a few years, there would be a notable increase in their numbers.This increase, would in turn trigger a decrease in the Savanna grasses, as their would now be large numbers of gazelle and impala eating them. With the decrease in grass there would in turn be a decrease in otherwise animals which rely on it for food as there would no longer be enough to support them. These animals, buffalo rhinos and warthogs, would either leave the area or die off. This in turn would reduce the food available for large predators such as lions etc. so they too would begin to die out. The cycle has now come full circle with the lessening in the number of teritary predators thus the whole of the consequence chain would begin again. This example, press outs just how fragile the ecosystem is and so should make us more implicated with the way we treat it.All the intrinsic qualities I have mentioned above are key factors in Kenyas appeal in the eyes of the tourist that visit the country each year. The environment is one of these factors, being consistently hot all year through and having virtually no rain during the tourist season, thousands of tourists from Western Europe are attracted to Kenyas golden and unspoilt beaches each year. The vast tropical coastline is also accompanied by a large chromatic let down, boasting a wide vicissitude of marine species. This whence also contributes to Kenyas appeal. The main attraction of Kenya for most tourists, however, is the vast variety of wildlife that can be found in the game reserves there . For many tourists, being able to see wild animals in their natural habitat is more than a good reason to visit the country. The democraticity of these pose is reflected by the fact that now over 40 of them exist in the country. Additional natural attractions include the physical features of Kenya, such as Mount Kilamanjaro, located on the border between Kenya and Tanzania, and Lake Victoria, located on Kenyas eastern border. Both of these sites are beautiful and attract millions of tourists.Does tourism bring more problems than benefits?Economic doTourism is undoubtedly beneficial for the Kenyan economy, as over the die 35 years, it has grown into Kenyas largest source of income, overtaking tea and coffee in 1989 with 22% of the nations income. Tourism also supplies jobs for the topical anaesthetic people, providing positions in hotels and also allowing the creation of small private businesses, such as tour van companies and cafes.. For these reasons tourism should, and will b e encouraged. The controversy comes, however, when we take into account, just how frequently of the income from tourism Kenya actually receives. It can be argued that Kenya is being exploited by the larger holiday companies who operate there. Professional Kenyans, skilled in careers such as carpentry etc. are giving up their jobs to join tourism-related careers such as waiters. Figures show that the money coming in from tourism is increasing each year. The problem occurs, however, as this increase is followed by a decrease in other sources of income. Kenya is now running the risk of becoming too dependant on tourism as a source of income. in that respect is also the issue of just how oft of the money generated by tourism goes to the Kenyan people, as figures show that in fact large overseas corporations are taking most of the money. For all of the money coming into Kenya, there is also vast amounts passage out as a result of tourism. The Kenyan government for example has had to take out large loans from other countries in order to pay for the development of it tourist facilities. on that point are also goods that have to be imported for tourists and other amounts of money going out of Kenya as a direct result of tourism. I did mention that tourism creates jobs for locals, but how many companies will actually employ these inborns?In many instances the immaterial tour operators at work in Kenya, will use foreign air lines, import foreign food, build with foreign grammatical construction materials and employ foreign tour guides. any(prenominal) jobs are created for Kenyan workers, however, in the construction of the hotels, for example, employing a Kenyan work force is much cheaper than bringing in foreign labourers. Yet for any job with any technical skill foreigners are still drafted in, with the result that few Kenyans will ever be able to advance career wise higher than farmers or tour guides. In this way, it could be argued that tourism is weakenin g Kenyas economy, as the development of tourist orientated businesses are replacing that of more high tech developments that would raise Kenyas economic standing in the world economy. Although tourism is a quick way of earning money, it is not one that allows much path for development, as it will always rely on foreign money as opposed to investing in Kenyan business.What are the mixer effect of tourism in Kenya?The social effects of tourism on Kenya are probably the furthest reaching of all. Tourism permeates every looking at of Kenyan society, from the Savanna dwelling natives to the Muslims of the coastal regions. Similarly opinions of tourism are just as diverse, with some welcoming the ethnic mix date others despise it. The benefits of tourism on the Kenyan populations are clear. Tourism brings with it increase understanding between peoples of different nations and cultures. It also brings the money with which new developments, such as improvements to Kenyas infrastructur e, are bought. other key argument for tourism is that the money it brings, pays to help preserve Kenyan heritage, in renovating buildings and giving money to the natives. Some Kenyan, however, argue quite the opposite, claiming that tourism is a direct route to the fall off of the Kenyan culture. Sacred rituals once performed by the Massi people, now become antique stage shows and people are driven from traditional industries into degrading tourist serving jobs. Kenyans are becoming second class citizens in their own country, unable to go to the beach in case they spoil the prospect and forced to undertake degrading roles, it easy to see why the anti-tourism tonus exists.Some people promote tourism as a estimable mix of different cultures, heretofore it is apparent that this is not always the case. With them tourists have also brought drugs, fornication and inebriant to Kenya. The influx of white tourists has lead to thousands of Kenyans turning to prostitution for money. Ke nyan men known as Beach-boys have also begun to operate, seducing rich white women in order to return to Europe with them when they leave Kenya. This interracial fornication is in turn contributing to a much larger problem. Due to the poverty in the country, 14% of the Kenyan population has aids, by having numerous sexual encounters while on holiday, white tourists are not unaccompanied opening themselves up to infection, but they are also spreading it further through the Kenyan population.In certain areas, tourism shows blatant disregard for the local customs and culture. In the coastal regions of Kenya, for example, there is high Muslim population. In the Islam religion, women have to wear long pitch-dark garments covering all of their body, except the eyes, as it is a sin to press themselves to men. When tourists walk through these settlements, however, women often wear bikinis or even go summitless, this is a great disrespect and insult to the Muslim inhabitants. If this wer ent bad enough, tourism has also lead to the opening of many bars and nigh clubs in Muslim areas. This again is a disregard for their culture as alcohol is strictly prohibited.Other positive repercussions of tourism, though, include a decrease in death rate by 5% in 20 years, as the improvement of services for tourists also benefit natives and the money the tourists bring is spent on health care and infra structures. A negative statistic, however, is a fall in birth rate by 3% in 20 years, already a low populated country it is pitiful to think that many Kenyan youths are leaving for Europe with the tourists. This is yet again another example of the direct loss of Kenyan culture through tourism. On the other hand, though, the question must be asked whether without the money brought by tourism, Kenyan culture would be able to survive at all.What are the environmental effects of tourism in Kenya?The environmental effects of tourism in Kenya are perhaps the most obvious and curse of t hem all, as the current way in which tourists and locals alike exploit the natural Kenya could prove to be the root to Kenyas down fall. As I have mentioned previously, Kenya has over 40 game reserves which are home to the variety of plant life and animal species that make Kenya so appealing. The problem that is arising, however, is that sooner of preserving the reserves, locals and tourists are physically destroying them. The largest game reserve in Kenya is the Massi Mara, receiving millions of visitors a year. Due to its popularity, large amounts of locals are employed in transporting the tourists around the park in minibuses, which does not affect the park, were they to keep to the roads built for them.The problem occurs, however, as these minibuses go off road, into the heart of the reserve in search of animals. cover total disregard for the animals, these bus drives drive within feet of them. Sometimes there can be as many as twenty buses on one animal so the tourists can g et photographs. This armada of minibuses has had numerous effects on the environments of the large game lay. The most obvious being the traumatising of the animals. In the Massi Mara there have been notable decreases in the mating of animals as a direct result of the buses. In fact the constant intrusion, has lead many tourists to describe the Massi Mara as a zoo but on a larger scale. Another problem the buses cause is the compacting of the soil. By driving off road, the busses crush plants and compact the soil. This results in a lack of plant growth, which in turn means bare surfaces and thus more soil erosion so in the future there wont be enough soil left for plants to grow at all.Another popular way to view the animals of the Massi Mara is by Hot air balloon, as they do not crush the plants or ruin the soil, they appear to be the perfect alternative to minibuses. The problem still remains, however, that the balloons, like the minibuses still push the animals, the noise of a b alloons burners can be heard for miles around and in one instance in the Massi Mara, a herd of rhinos were driven from the area by the noise.Another way in which tourism has negatively contributed to the Massi Mara, socially as well as environmentally, has been in the case of the Massi people. Living in the area for centuries, the Massi people were forced to move out without compensation when the place open. Due to the influence of tourists, the Massi people now have to live on the very outskirts of the parks, where try to regain their normal, agricultural way of life. With this, however, another problem occurs, as in order to contain their animals the Massi build fences, the problem is these fences forget animal migration roots and so kill the animals of the park. The Massi peoples philosophy is that of, why should we defend the animals, when we get no benefit from it.Despite these negative impacts of tourism, there have also been positive repercussions. The money earnt from tou rism, for example, is reinvested into the park and the preservation of the wildlife within it. ane use is payment of local guards, who patrol the park in order to prevent drivers breaking the law by going off road. Yet despite these preliminary measures, stricter guidelines will need to be enforced if the parks are going to remain a source of income for the future.It is not only the inland environments which are being affected, however, as the coastal regions are also being overwhelmed by tourism. As inland, tourism here has far reaching effects. One of the largest problems due to tourism is coastal erosion, as in order to build the hotels and other resorts, large areas of mangrove forests were felled. By felling these forests, the rain which waterfall on the coast has little interception, so it can run off rapidly towards the sea, eroding the land as it goes. Erosion is not only threatening fishing grounds, ports and farmland on the Kenyan coast, it is also threatens the large tou rist hotels which bring millions of pounds into Kenya each year. If the coastal areas became unsafe, it would devastate Kenyas economy.Another perturbing repercussion of tourism on the coast is on the famous red red red coral reef situated off the coast. Like the game reserves, locals also have been exploiting the coral reef, providing boat trips to it for the tourists. The problem that is arising, however, is that the tourists and locals who visit it are in fact destroying the coral. Being one of the most beautiful and delicate ecosystems on the planet, coral can die just by being touched, and yet off the coast of Kenya the boat trips allow the tourist to walk on top of the coral and take souvenirs of their visit home. These souvenirs take the form of marine life such as starfish and in a year tourists can remove up to 141 tonnes of it. One of the worst culprits for the parentage of the reefs are the local boat owners themselves, as they drop anchor in the middle of the reef and then drag it through the coral. All of these actions are turning Kenyas coral reef into a baron waste land of dead coral which will not regrow for hundreds of years. It is therefore imperative that something is make to scrap this problem.ConclusionAs I have shown in my report, tourism is a double bladed sword for Kenya. The economy has become so dependant on the industry that it could not do without it and yet, at the same time tourism is destroying the very environmental qualities of Kenya that the tourist are coming to see. There is also of course the social effects which I have also mentioned, where the rush to make money from tourism has lead to a decline in national heritage. For example hotels etc. ruin historical landscapes of the area and ancient peoples such as the Massi abandon the life style they have led for centuries in order to make money from the tourists, by selling necklaces etc. It is surely clear then that something must be done in order to preserve Kenya, and this is down to you, the Kenyan government.The reason for most of these problems can be traced down to the government and their headlong leap into tourism without fully surveying what consequences would result. Similarly it has to be the government who correct these errors before it is too late. As I have mentioned, the governments current approach to tourism seems to be one of complacency. You have adopted the attitude that anything is viable, as long as it brings in money, but the question is just how much of that money you are receiving.At the moment, thousands of foreigners are being employed in Kenya as a result of the tourism industry, and there are thousands more people employed in companies abroad which make the goods these tourist complexes buy. I see these as thousands of potential jobs for Kenyans which are being given away. In many other tourist destinations, the government has introduced laws, allowing the construction of hotels etc. only by national unions and maki ng it so that a certain number of native people have to be employed in the tourist complexes. Another option open to you is the investment in Kenyan industry. Rather than allowing goods to be bought from abroad, force these travel companies to buy Kenyan products by increasing evaluate on foreign imports. All these are ways of strengthening the Kenyan economy whilst maximising profits.Another law, which could be introduced in order to make tourism in Kenya more sustainable, is a building legislation specifying that hotels have to built in the traditional building style so as not to ruin the landscape and culture of the area. Not only would this then provide more jobs for Kenyan builders who specialise in traditional building techniques, but it would also remedy much of the over crowding and loss in environmental quality created by the large multi-storey eye sores currently being built.These are not just ideas that I am putt forward, however, as in some areas such as Lamu these tec hniques are being put into practice successfully. In Lamu the hotels are built to a traditional style, they are also built below the tree line so as not to spoil the landscape. The locals who stay in these venues also show more respect for the local Muslim culture there, wearing clothing which cover most of their body and only one bar is built in the area. On top of these improvements, the money earned by the hotels is invested back into the town of Lamu, paying for renovations etc. If this technique were to be applied else where in Kenya, I think it would meet with the approval of many of the anti-tourism residents who feel their culture is being destroyed.As well as restrictions on the building of tourist resorts in Kenya, there should also be restrictions on the way in which Kenyas natural habitats are exploited. On the Mombado coast, for example, laws should be made and enforced so that tourists can only see the coral reef through certify boat trip operators. These boat trips would continue to employ locals, but through the use of glass bottomed boats etc. the way in which the coral is viewed would be limited so as not to cause damage.Similar measures also need to be enforced in the game reserves if the animals are to be preserved. Currently the laws there are not enforced. Firstly this could be done with the creation of more ranger jobs. Secondly, as with reef trips, the tours of the parks could be limited to licensed local drives who respect the parks environment by stealthily following animals and keeping to the paths with a proficient local guide. Again such measures as these are already being implemented with success in areas like the Tsavo game reserve, where only one or two trips are made every hour, and the tourists stay out in the Savanna camped in tents etc. so as not to disturb the animals. On being interviewed after experiencing both forms of safari, tourist in fact preferred the Tsavo way, saying that if they returned it would be on the st rength of their Tsavo experience.So, as you can see in many cases the restrictions that must be implemented will increase tourism as well as national income. Tourism should be encouraged in Kenya, but at the same time it must be remembered that unless it is sustainable, it will inevitably lead to a decline in the Kenyan culture as well as income. After all tourists will not want to come to a Kenya full of dwindling game reserves, baron seas and decayed culture.